Chapter 21 Patho Flashcards
1
Q
- What is Thrombus?
- Lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and is often fatal.
- a blood clot that forms and remains in the viens
- a blood clot that becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body.
A
- a blood clot that forms and remains in the viens
2
Q
- What is Embolus?
- Lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and is often fatal.
- a blood clot that forms and remains in the viens
- a blood clot that becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body.
A
- a blood clot that becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body.
3
Q
- What is Saddle emboli?
- Lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and is often fatal.
- a blood clot that forms and remains in the viens
- a blood clot that becomes dislodged and travels to another part of the body.
A
- Lodges at the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery and is often fatal.
4
Q
- The major pathological or structural changes of the lungs associated with pulmonary embolism.
- Most common originate from deep venous thrombosus (DVT) in the lower part of the body.
Or
- Blockage of the pulmonary vascular system,
- Pulmonary infarction,
- Alveolar atelectasis,
- Alveolar consolidation,
- Bronchospasm
A
- Blockage of the pulmonary vascular system,
- Pulmonary infarction,
- Alveolar atelectasis,
- Alveolar consolidation,
- Bronchospasm
5
Q
- Where is the Pulmonary Embolism originates from?
- Most common originate from deep venous thrombosus (DVT) in the lower part of the body.
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
A
- Most common originate from deep venous thrombosus (DVT) in the lower part of the body.
6
Q
- What are the 3 primary factors known as Virchow’s triad are associated with formation of DVT
- Fat.
- Air.
- Bone Marrow
- Tumor fragments
Or
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
A
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
7
Q
- What are the other factors that cause emboli?
- Fat.
- Air.
- Bone Marrow
- Tumor fragments
Or
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
A
- Fat.
- Air.
- Bone Marrow
- Tumor fragments
8
Q
- Where do the Emboli travels in the heart?
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
Or
Emboli travels through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery, where is eventually becomes lodge/wedged when the diameter the vessel get small enough
A
Emboli travels through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery, where is eventually becomes lodge/wedged when the diameter the vessel get small enough
9
Q
- What is Diagnosis and Screening show in CXR?
Emboli travels through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery, where is eventually becomes lodge/wedged when the diameter the vessel get small enough
Or
- Does not show P.E.
- Best for ruling out other conditions that mimic symptoms of P.E (Pneumothorax etc)
A
- Does not show P.E.
2. Best for ruling out other conditions that mimic symptoms of P.E (Pneumothorax etc)
10
Q
- Spiral (helical) CT scan
Not Best and quickest second line test for P.E
Or
Best and quickest first line test for P.E
A
Best and quickest first line test for P.E
11
Q
- What is EKG?
- Does not show P.E.
- Best for ruling out other conditions that mimic symptoms of P.E (Pneumothorax etc)
Or
- May see ST-T wave changes that are nonspecific.
- As with CXR, best for ruling out other conditions that mimic P.E (MI pericarditis)
A
- May see ST-T wave changes that are nonspecific.
2. As with CXR, best for ruling out other conditions that mimic P.E (MI pericarditis)
12
Q
- What is D-dimer?
- Venous stasis (stagnate blood flow)
- Hypercongoagulation.
- Injury to the endothelial cells that line the vessels
Or
- Blood test that looks for increased level of protein fibrinogen, a component of the blood-clotting process.
- Fast and very accurate.
- If the D-dimar level is normal, it essential rules out the possibility of blood clot.
A
- Blood test that looks for increased level of protein fibrinogen, a component of the blood-clotting process.
- Fast and very accurate.
- If the D-dimar level is normal, it essential rules out the possibility of blood clot.
13
Q
- What is Factor V (Leyden) deficiency?
- Fast acting anticoagulant.
- Prevents clot from growing.
- Prevents new formations.
- Given via I.V
Or
Genetic hypercoagulation.
1. May require lifelong anticoagulation therapy.
A
Genetic hypercoagulation.
1. May require lifelong anticoagulation therapy.
14
Q
- What does heparin do to PE?
- Slow acting maintenance anticoagulant.
- Need to periodical check blood clotting factor to adjust dose.
Or
- Fast acting anticoagulant.
- Prevents clot from growing.
- Prevents new formations.
- Given via I.V
A
- Fast acting anticoagulant.
- Prevents clot from growing.
- Prevents new formations.
- Given via I.V
15
Q
- What is Coumadin?
- Fast acting anticoagulant.
- Prevents clot from growing.
- Prevents new formations.
- Given via I.V
Or
- Slow acting maintenance anticoagulant.
- Need to periodical check blood clotting factor to adjust dose.
A
- Slow acting maintenance anticoagulant.
- Need to periodical check blood clotting factor to adjust dose.
