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Cardio 242-252 Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid or irregular heartbeat with S3 or S4 heart sounds may indicate

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

COPD generally caused by

A

Long term smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

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3
Q

What is a heart murmur

A

Abnormal swishing or whooshing sound heard by auscultation during cardiac cycle

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4
Q

Angina that occurs due to coronary artery spasm most often associated with coronary artery disease

A

Prinzmetal (variant) angina

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5
Q

What is asthma

A

Chronic inflammation of the airways caused by an increased airway hypersensitivity to various stimuli

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6
Q

A condition in which the veins and valves in the lower extremities are damaged and can’t keep blood flowing toward the heart

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

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7
Q

In general, pulmonary edema occurs when…

A

when the LV can’t pump blood adequately

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8
Q

Three major players for atelectasis

A

Deep breathing
Changing positions
Airways clearance techniques

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9
Q

An early sign of hypertension is

A

S4 heart sound

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10
Q

A group of conditions that affect the myocardium, impairing the ability of the heart to contract and relax

A

Cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

The first goal of treatment for ARDS

A

Get oxygen into the lungs and organs

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12
Q

When fluid collects in the alveoli within the lungs, making it difficult to breathe

A

Pulmonary edema

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13
Q

What is endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves

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14
Q

Angina that is more intense, lasts longer, is precipitated by less exertion, occurs spontaneously at rest

A

Unstable angina

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15
Q

Two main conditions that make up COPD

A

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

S&Ss of DVT

A

Swelling
Pain
Redness
Warmth

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17
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

Volume of change that occurs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration

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18
Q

The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atheromatous plaques resulting in diminished blood flow

A

Coronary artery disease

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19
Q

A transient precocial sensation of pressure or discomfort from myocardial ischemia

A

Angina pectoris

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20
Q

What causes endocarditis

A

Bacteria

21
Q

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery

A

Aneurysm

22
Q

Stenosis, occlusive, and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries

A

Peripheral artery disease

23
Q

General treatment and positioning for chronic venous insufficiency

A

Compression stockings

Elevation of the legs

24
Q

Angina that occurs at a predictable level of exertion, exercise, or stress and responds to rest or nitroglycerin

A

Stable angina

25
Q

4 signs of peripheral artery disease

A

Poor healing wounds of legs or feet
Distal hair loss
Tropic skin changes
Hypertrophic nails

26
Q

What is COPD

A

Group of lung diseases that block airflow due to narrowing of the bronchial tree

27
Q

What is ARDS

A

Sudden respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli

28
Q

S&Ss of COPD

A

excessive mucous production

Chronic productive cough

Wheezing

SOB

29
Q

What is pulmonary embolism

A

Where one or more arteries in the lungs becomes blocked

30
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

Total volume inspired and expired with each breath during normal and quiet breathing

31
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

A

Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal expiration

32
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

Volume of gas remaining in lungs at the end of maximum expiration

33
Q

What type of disease is CF

A

autosomal recessive

34
Q

Cardinal symptom of cor pulmonale

A

Progressive SOB, especially with exertion

35
Q

A condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins, usually in the LEs

A

DVT

36
Q

DVTs can result in ——- and why

A

Can result in pulmonary embolism

Because clot can break loose and travel to the lungs

37
Q

Two meds used for asthma

A

Anti-inflammatory agents

Bronchodilator

38
Q

A slow progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inter walls of arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

39
Q

Atelectasis

A

Where one or more areas of the lungs collapse or do not inflate properly

40
Q

Inflammation and weakness of the myocardium

A

Myocarditis

41
Q

What Disease generally occurs in people who are already critically ill or who have significant injuries

A

ARDS

42
Q

Medication types for DVT

A

Anto-coagulant

Thrombolytic agents

43
Q

A rare, inherited condition caused by problems with the development of lymph vessels

A

Primary lymphedema

44
Q

What is pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs

45
Q

Any condition of procedure that damages or obstructs lymph nodes or vessels

A

Secondary lymphedema

46
Q

What happens to patients with COPD in terms of lung volumes

A

Increased TLC

Significant increase in RV

47
Q

Etiology of aneurysm

A

Weakness in the wall of the vessel due to chronic hypertension

48
Q

Numbers associated with hypertension

A

over 140

over 90

49
Q

What is cor pulmonale

A

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs

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