Cell Cycle And Cancer

Question 1

List the cell cycle in order

Answer 1

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokenises

Question 2

List the stages of mitosis in order

Answer 2

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase/cytokinesis

Question 3

What happens during the G1 phase?

Answer 3

Growth of cell

Question 4

What happens during S phase?

Answer 4

Replication of DNA

Question 5

What happens during G2 phase?

Answer 5

Growth and preparation for mitosis.

Question 6

What happens during prophase?

Answer 6

• Chromosomes become visible and are joined at the centromere
• Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
• Spindle fibres form and attach to the centromere
• Centrioles move to the poles

Question 7

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 7

Chromosomes are moved into a line across the middle of the cell by the spindle fibres.

Question 8

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 8

Spindle fibres shorten, separating the sister chromatids at the centromere. Daughter chromosomes move towards the opposite poles of the cell.

Question 9

What happens during telophase?

Answer 9

• Chromosomes are now at the opposite poles and start de condensing
• Division of the cytoplasm starts
• Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform

Question 10

What is the result of cytokinesis?

Answer 10

Two identical daughter cells.

Question 11

What is cytokinesis for plant cells?

Answer 11

After the chromosomes have moved to the poles of the cell, a cell plate begins to form
-the cell plate turns into a new cell wall, leading to the creation of two new daughter cells

Question 12

What happens to an animal cell during cytokinesis?

Answer 12

• After the chromosomes have moved to the poles of the cell, the cell membrane pinches inward, forming a cleavage furrow
• the furrow continues to pinch inward, dividing the cell in two

Question 13

What is cancer?

Answer 13

Cancer cells are cells that divide uncontrollably.

Question 14

Why do cancer cells form?

Answer 14

Cancer cells form when a cell’s DNA is changed or damaged and therefore mutated. Mutations can be caused by environmental factors, or can be inherited.

Question 15

Identify some differences between normal and cancer cells.

Answer 15

• normal cells reproduce for about 50-60 cell divisions, cancer cells never stop reproducing
• normal cells stick together to form masses of cells when appropriate, cancer cells do not stick to other cells and behave independently
• normal cells self-destruct when too old or damaged, cancer cells may move to another part of the body.

Question 16

What are som foods you can eat to prevent cancer?

Answer 16

Blueberries, turmeric, green tea, broccoli, asparagus, salmon

Question 17

What is metastasis?

Answer 17

When cancerous cells spread to other areas of the body through the blood and lymph vessels.