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Science 10 > Optics > Flashcards

Optics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

The electromagnetic spectrum represents the range of energy from low energy, up to high energy.

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2
Q

Explain light and its energy.

A

Electromagnetic energy is light energy. Light travels in waves. Travels at the speed of light: 3.0 x 108 m/s. Waves Different in wavelength and frequency.

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3
Q

What is frequency?

A

The frequency(f) of a wave is the number of waves to cross a point in 1 second.

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4
Q

What is wavelength?

A

λ is the wavelength-the distance from crest to crest on a wave.

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5
Q

What is the correlation between wavelength and frequency?

A

Short wavelength = high frequency

Long wavelength = low frequency

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6
Q

List the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order.

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, gamma rays

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7
Q

Give examples of radio waves.

A

Carrying information (mines, submarines, aircrafts), communication (cells, TV signals), MRIs

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8
Q

Give examples of microwaves.

A

Microwaves, radars to measure speed, map earth and other objects in space

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9
Q

Give examples of infrared waves.

A

Heating food, security (burglar alarms, motion sensors, night vision)

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10
Q

Give examples of ultraviolet rays.

A

Disinfect water, DNA testing, detective work (reveal substances that aren’t visible under regular light).

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11
Q

Give examples of x-rays.

A

Medical imaging, scanning luggage at airports, photographing insides of engines

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12
Q

Give examples of gamma rays.

A

Sterilize medical equipment, kill cancerous cells.

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13
Q

List the colours in order of the visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, violet

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14
Q

Glowstick. Light produced from a chemical reaction without a rise
in temperature. Called cool light. Special kinds of bioluminescence.

A

Chemiluminescence

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15
Q

A white light shines behind a liquid crystal (a solid that
can change the orientation of its molecules like a liquid when electricity is applied. Coloured filters are placed in front of the crystals to produces coloured light. Laptops, digital watches, iPods.

A

LCD

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16
Q

The ability of a plant or animal to produce light. 90% of sea creatures.

A

Bioluminescence

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17
Q

An electroluminescent light source made out of a

semiconductor. Very rugged, no delicate parts. Efficient and produce very little heat. Rear brake lights.

A

LED

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18
Q

Neon sign, lighting. Method of producing light in which an electric current passes through the air or another gas.

A

Electric discharge

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19
Q

Light that is emitted by some substances when they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation. More efficient than incandescent light.

A

Fluorescent

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20
Q

Each colour is a tiny fluorescent light in which an electrical signal causes a gas to release UV radiation. UV is absorbed by different phosphors to emit red green or blue light. Bright but requires more energy.

A

Plasma

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21
Q

Light that is produced by an object that is at a very high temperature. An inefficient lighting source (5%). Mostly converted to heat.

A

Incandescent

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22
Q

LED, OLED, plasma, LCD. The process of transforming electrical energy directly into light energy. Uses much less energy than fluorescent devices.

A

Electroluminescence

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23
Q

The ability to store energy from a source of light then emit it slowly over a long period of time. “Glow in the dark”. Can be recharged over and over. Toys that glow in the dark.

A

Phosphorescent

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24
Q

Potential in cell phones, TVs and head mounted displays. A light source made of several extremely thin layers of organic molecules that use an electric current to produce light. Very light, flexible and bright.

A

OLED

25
Q

Explain the additive colour theory.

A

Deals with the absorption of light. • Colour mixing begins with black
and ends with white. • As more color is added, the result
is lighter and tends to white.

26
Q

Explain the subtractive colour theory.

A

Deals with reflected light. • One begins with white and ends with black. • As one adds colour, the result gets darker and tends to black. • Somewhat like the “reverse” of additive colour theory.

27
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

When light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is ALWAYS EQUAL to the angle of reflection.

28
Q

What is diffuse reflection?

A

When light hits a rough surface and the light rays scatter. Light is no longer parallel.

29
Q

What is a concave mirror?

A

Backwards C. Curved in.

30
Q

Lost for a concave mirror when object is behind C.

A

Closer, inverted, smaller, real.

31
Q

LOST for concave mirror when object is between c and f.

A

Farther, inverted, larger, real.

32
Q

LOST for concave mirror when object is in front of f.

A

Farther, upright, larger, virtual.

33
Q

Uses of concave mirrors.

A

Flashlights, telescope, cosmetic mirror, headlights

34
Q

What is a convex mirror?

A

Curved out.

35
Q

LOST for convex mirror.

A

Closer, upright, smaller, virtual

36
Q

Uses for convex mirrors.

A

Security mirrors in stores, side views mirrors on cars.

37
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the property in light in which the speed of light and direction of travel change.

38
Q

Explain magic penny.

A

Light moving from penny to air started to refract, allowing us to see it.

39
Q

What is dispersion?

A

The refraction of white light into separate wavelengths, or colours.

40
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

When light reflects of the inside wall of a denser medium rather than passing through into a less dense medium.

41
Q

What is a mirage?

A

An image of a distant object produced as light refracted through air of different densities.

42
Q

Do a step by step for a ray diagram of a plane mirror.

A
  1. Draw first incident ray at 90 degree angle.
  2. Extend it behind the mirror
  3. Drawn another ray at any angle
  4. Draw a normal and then measure the i
  5. Draw a reflected ray
  6. Extend the reflected ray behind the mirror
43
Q

Do a step by step for a concave mirror when object is behind c.

A
  1. Draw incident ray parallel to the principle axis.
  2. Reflected ray passes through focal point
  3. Draw another incident ray passing through the focal point
  4. Reflect ray will be parallel to principle axis
  5. Light ray that passes through c. (Reflects through itself)
  6. Indicate where all lines meet.
44
Q

Do a step by step for a concave mirror when the object is between c and f.

A
  1. Draw incident ray parallel to principle axis
  2. Draw reflected ray going through f
  3. Draw incident ray going through f
  4. Draw reflected ray parallel to principle axis
  5. Draw ray passing through c
  6. Indicate where lines meet
45
Q

Do a step by step for object between focal point and mirror.

A
  1. Draw an incident ray parallel to principle axis
  2. Draw reflected ray passing through f
  3. Draw incident ray going through f
  4. Drawn reflected ray going parallel to principle axis, at top
  5. Dray ray going through c
  6. Extend all behind mirror
  7. Indicate where lines meet
46
Q

Do step by step for convex mirrors

A
  1. Draw incident ray parallel to principle axis
  2. Reflected ray comes from focal point
  3. Draw another incident ray directed at focal point, but not extending behind mirror
  4. Reflected ray parallel to axis
  5. Extend reflected ray behind mirror
  6. Draw light ray passing through c
  7. Indicate where lines meet
47
Q

Explain what happens when light moves through different mediums.

A

Light moving from a less dense medium to a more dense medium is refracted toward the normal.
Light moving from a more dense medium to a less dense medium is refracted away from the normal.

48
Q

Explain the properties of a convex mirror.

A
  • makes things look larger
  • thickest part is centre
  • forms an image on a screen
49
Q

Describe the characteristics of a concave lens

A
  • makes things look smaller
  • thickest part is the edge
  • can’t form an image on a screen
50
Q

Do step by step for a convex lens ray diagram between f and 2 f

A
  1. Draw ray parallel to the axis
  2. Passes through f when emerging from lens
  3. Draw a second ray passing through optical centre - not bent
  4. Draw a third ray passing from f and stopping at centre
  5. Ray becomes parallel once through centre
51
Q

LOST for convex lens between f and 2 f

A

Farther
Inverted
Larger
Real

52
Q

Step by step for convex lens when object is behind 2f

A
  1. Ray parallel to axis
  2. Passes through f once past centre
  3. Ray passing through centre
  4. Ray passing through f going to centre
  5. Ray parallel once through centre
53
Q

LOST for convex lens when object is behind 2f

A

Closer
Inverted
Smaller
Real

54
Q

Step by step for convex lens when object is between lens and f

A
  1. Draw parallel ray
  2. Ray passes through f once through centre, extend back
  3. Ray passing through centre
  4. Extend two rays back
  5. Another ray passing through f, in front of mirror
  6. Ray refracts parallel to axis, extend back
55
Q

LOST for convex lens when object is between lens and f

A

Farther
Upright
Larger
Virtual

56
Q

Step by step for concave lens

A
  1. Ray parallel to axis
  2. Refracted ray going through f on left side
  3. Second ray passing through centre
  4. Another ray passing through f on right side
  5. Reflected ray parallel
57
Q

LOST for concave lens

A

Closer
Upright
Smaller
Virtual

58
Q

Explain how different lenses can be used to correct vision.

A

Nearsightedness corrected with concave lenses. It allowed focus to be in front of the retina.
Farsightedness is corrected by using convex lenses and moves image forward allowing it to focus correctly.

Science 10 (5 decks)

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