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Micro Term 4 > GI Acute Inflammatory Diarrhea II > Flashcards

GI Acute Inflammatory Diarrhea II Flashcards

1
Q

describe the shape of Campylobacter

A

small, curved-spiral rods

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2
Q

Campylobacter are (G+ve/G-ve) and are motile

A

Campylobacter are G-ve and are motile

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3
Q

Campylobacter are G-ve and are (motile/non-motile)

A

Campylobacter are G-ve and are motile (single polar flagellum)

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4
Q

Campylobacter are microaerophilic and DO NOT ferment ____

A

Campylobacter are microaerophilic and DO NOT ferment CH2O (carbohydrates)

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5
Q

Campylobacter are (catalase +ve/catalase -ve)

A

Campylobacter are catalase +ve

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6
Q

____ are the leading cause of bacterial food-borne disease

60% of cases are caused by….

A

Campylobacter are the leading cause of bacterial food-borne disease

60% of cases are caused by ingestion of contaminated liquid or solid food (unpasteurized milk, raw/partially cooked poultry & contaminated water)

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7
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Campylobacter

A
  1. ingestion of pathogen
  2. invasion of SI and LI
    • histologic damage to mucosal surfaces
  3. toxin production
    • endotoxin (since it is inherent to G-ve)
    • enterotoxin: watery diarrhea
    • cytotoxin: verotoxin similar to Shiga toxin
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8
Q

describe the clinical features of Campylobacter infection

A

symptoms appear 3-5 days after ingestion

  • vomiting
  • diarrhea (often profuse, green?)
  • abdominal pain, often severe
  • prostration, often severe
  • fever, often present
  • bloodstained feces
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9
Q

name associations/complications of Campylobacter

A
  • reactive arthritis
    • knee joint
  • acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; Guillan-Barre syndrome
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10
Q

describe how Campylobacter infection can lead to GBS

A
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11
Q

describe the detection of C. jejuni

A
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12
Q

describe the Sketchy

A
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13
Q

Yersinia enterocolytica is common among _____ (population)

A

Yersinia enterocolytica is common among children <7 yrs old and adults

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14
Q

describe the growth temperature of Yersinia enterocolytica

A

-1 to 40 C = psychrotroph - facultative psycrophiles

(grows in ​cold temperatures)

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15
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolytica

A
  • invasive induces inflammatory response
  • distal ileum (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
  • adjacent tissues & mesenteric lymph nodes also infected (mimic appendicitis)
  • releases chromosomally encoded ST enterotoxin (which leads to an increase in cGMP)
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16
Q

Yersiniosis infects adjacent tissues in the distal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes and often mimics ____

A

Yersiniosis infects adjacent tissues in the distal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes and often mimics appendicitis

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17
Q

the ___ enterotoxin produced by Y. enterocolytica is ___-encoded and causes a rise in ____

A

the ST enterotoxin produced by Y. enterocolytica is chromosomally-encoded and causes a rise in cGMP

18
Q

describe the clinical features of Y. enterocolytica

A
  • self-limiting enterocolitis
  • incubation = 3-7 days
  • lasts 14-21 days
  • symptoms:
    • abdominal pain and diarrhea
    • mild fever
    • vomiting rare
19
Q

Yersiniosis has an incubation period of ____ and lasts for _____

A

Yersiniosis has an incubation period of 3-7 days and lasts for 14-21 days

20
Q

Yersiniosis can lead to post-infective _____

A

Yersiniosis can lead to post-infective reactive arthritis (autoimmunity arthritis)

21
Q

Y. enterocolytica looks like ____ colonies on MacConkey agar

A

Y. enterocolytica looks like pinpoint colonies on MacConkey agar

22
Q

describe the Sketchy

A
23
Q

V. parahaemolyticus infection is caused by ingestion of ____

A

V. parahaemolyticus infection is caused by ingestion of raw/poorly cooked seafood

24
Q

V. vulnificus is associated with abrasions/cuts exposed to ____

A

V. vulnificus is associated with abrasions/cuts exposed to sea/salt water

25
Q

V. parahaemolyticus produces ___ and ____

A

V. parahaemolyticus produces enterotoxin and haemolysin

26
Q

describe signs of V. vulnificus

A
  • intense skin lesions
  • gastroenteritis & even severe bacteremia
27
Q

deaths caused by V. vulnificus are predominantly associated with patients with _____

A

deaths caused by V. vulnificus are predominantly associated with patients with underlying liver conditions

28
Q

describe diagnosis and ID of non-cholera species

A
29
Q

enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) does NOT possess ____ but does possess _____ which allows it to aggregate on the surface of SI/LI

A

enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) does NOT possess EAF (enteric adherence factor) but does possess AAF (aggregative adherence factor) which allows it to aggregate on the surface of SI/LI

30
Q

describe the pathogenesis of EAEC

A
  1. agglutination of bacteria
  2. adherence to intestinal epithelium and colonization
  3. formation of biofilm
  4. release of toxins (damage to epithelium + increased secretion)
  5. establishment of additional biofilm
31
Q

name the 3 life-threatening conditions caused by EHEC/STEC/VTEC

A
  • hemorrhagic colitis = approx. 3 days after ingestion
    • mainly adults/elderly
    • blood diarrhea (begins watery)
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) = 5-13 days post-diarrhea
    • mainly affects children
    • microangiopathic hemoltyic anemia
    • thrombocytopenia
    • acute renal failure
  • thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
    • mainly elderly
    • HUS + fever + neurological involvement
32
Q

hemorrhagic colitis, caused by ____, occurs ___ days after ingestion and affects mainly ____

A

hemorrhagic colitis, caused by STEC/VTEC/EHEC, occurs ~3 days after ingestion and affects mainly adults/elderly

33
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome, caused by ____, occurs ___ days after diarrhea and affects mainly ____

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome, caused by STEC/VTEC/EHEC, occurs 5-13 days post-diarrhea and affects mainly children

34
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, caused by ____, affects mainly ____

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, caused by STEC/VTEC/EHEC, affects mainly elderly

35
Q

describe the pathogenesis of STEC/VTEC/EHEC

A
  1. ingestion
  2. attachment (similar to EPEC)
  3. production of phage-encoded: cytotoxin (verotoxin)
    • 2 types VT1 and VT2, both AB toxins
      • Shiga-like toxin (rRNA) blocks protein synthesis
  4. hemorrhagic colitis
  5. toxin enters circulation binds to glomerular endothelium
  6. hemolytic anemia, renal damage → renal failure
36
Q

STEC/VTEC/EHEC is also associated with _____

A

STEC/VTEC/EHEC is also associated with county fairs/petting zoos

37
Q

STEC do not ferment ____ and therefore appear colorless on MacConkey’s agar

A

STEC do not ferment sorbitol and therefore appear colorless on MacConkey’s agar

38
Q

in order to diagnose STEC, a blood culture can be taken and ____ can be seen

A

in order to diagnose STEC, a blood culture can be taken and schistocytes (fragmented RBCs) can be seen

39
Q

describe the Sketchy

A
40
Q

describe the identification of G-ve rods grown on MacConkey agar

A

Micro Term 4 (33 decks)

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