GI Persistent/Chronic Diarrhea II Flashcards
Trichuris trichiuria is also known as a ____
Trichuris trichiuria is also known as a whipworm (nematode)
list the clinical manifestations of Trichuris trichiuria infection
- clinical manifestations:
- asymptomatic (peripheral blood eosinophilia)
- children: iron deficiency, growth retardation
- inflamed mucosa, abdominal pain, diarrhea
- may develop Trichuris dysentery
describe the clinical manifestations of Trichuris in children
- children: iron deficiency, growth retardation
- inflamed mucosa, abdominal pain, diarrhea
- may develop Trichuris dysentery
Trichuris infection is caused by ingestion of ____
Trichuris infection is caused by ingestion of eggs
diagnosis of Trichuria is by seeing ___ in the feces
diagnosis of Trichuria is by seeing eggs in the feces
the diagnostic eggs in the feces in a Trichuria infection looks like ____
the diagnostic eggs in the feces in a Trichuria infection looks like unembryonated eggs that are barrel-shaped with 2 plugged ends
Enterobius vermicularis is also known as ____
Enterobius vermicularis is also known as pinworm (nematode)
___ is the most common helminth infection in the US and commonly occurs in ____ (2 populations)
Enterobius vermicularis is the most common helminth infection in the US and commonly occurs in children (5-14 yrs) and the institutionalized
clinical manifestations of an Enterobius infection is ____
mainly asymptomatic
but it can also cause perianal/perineal pruritus (scratching) leading to restless sleep
the eggs of Enterobius typically get underneath an individual’s _____
the eggs of Enterobius typically get underneath an individual’s fingernails
describe the eggs seen in Enterobius infection
oval-shaped eggs with 1 side flattened
infection with Enterobius is caused by ingestion of ____
infection with Enterobius is caused by ingestion of eggs
the diagnosis of Enterobius is done with _____
the diagnosis of Enterobius is done with sticky-tape for eggs, (looking for oval-shaped with 1 side flattened eggs)
describe how the Sketchy relates to Enterobius
Diphyllobothrium latum is also known as the ____
Diphyllobothrium latum is also known as the fish tapeworm (cestode)
the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum are ____
the intermediate host for Diphyllobothrium latum are undercooked freshwater fish
describe clinical manifestations of an infection with Diphyllobothrium latum
- clinical manifestations:
- constipation/diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, weight loss
- prolonged infection = 3-4 yrs → megaloblastic anemia
a prolonged infection with Diphyllobothrium latum can lead to _____
prolonged infection (3-4 yrs): megaloblastic anemia (dissociates the B12 intrinsic factor)
infection with Diphyllobothrium latum is caused by the ingestion of ___ found in ____
infection with Diphyllobothrium latum is caused by the ingestion of larva found in uncooked fish
diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum is with ____ in the feces
diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum is with unembryonated eggs in the feces
Hymenolepsis nana is also known as ____
Hymenolepsis nana is also known as dwarf tapeworm (Cyclophyllidean cestode)
Hymenolepsis nana, aka _____, is the only tapeworm that does _____
Hymenolepsis nana, aka dwarf tapeworm, is the only tapeworm that does human-to-human transmission
____ is the most prevalent tapeworm worldwide
Hymenolepsis nana is the most prevalent tapeworm worldwide
Hymenolepsis nana in the US is commonly found in ____ (3 populations)
Hymenolepsis nana in the US is commonly found in:
- institutionalized
- malnourished
- immunocompromised
Hymenolepsis nana infection is caused by ingestion of ____
Hymenolepsis nana infection is caused by ingestion of infected insects/food
the diagnosis of Hymenolepsis nana infection is by seeing ___ in the feces
the diagnosis of Hymenolepsis nana infection is by seeing eggs in the feces
Ascaris lumbricoides is also known as _____
Ascaris lumbricoides is also known as roundworm
describe the clinical manifestations of Ascaris infection
- asymptomatic
-
pulmonary symptoms: small proportion
- Loeffler’s syndrome
Ascaris infection is caused by ingestion of ____ and diagnosis of Ascaris infection is made by seeing ____ in the feces
Ascaris infection is caused by ingestion of eggs and diagnosis of Ascaris infection is made by seeing nodular eggs in the feces
describe how the Sketchy relates to Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are also called ____
Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus are also called hookworm (nematode)
Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to ___ and ____
Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to iron deficiency and protein energy malnutrition
the adults worms of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to ___ and ____
the adults worms of Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus can lead to chronic abdominal pain and eosinphilia
infection with Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus is caused by ____ penetrating the ____
infection with Ancylostoma duodenale & Necator americanus is caused by filariform larvae penetrating the skin (soles of feet)
in an Ancylostoma and Necator infection, the larvae enter circulation to ___ and penetrate the ____
in an Ancylostoma and Necator infection, the larvae enter circulation to lungs and penetrate the alveoli where they enter the trachea and become swallowed
diagnosis of Ancylostoma & Necator infection is by seeing ___-shaped ____ in the feces
diagnosis of Ancylostoma & Necator infection is by seeing football-shaped eggs in the feces
describe how the Sketchy relates to Ancylostoma and Necator
Strongyloides stercoralis is also called a ____
Strongyloides stercoralis is also called a threadworm
describe the clinical manifestations of a Strongyloides infection
- clinical manifestations:
- localized urticarial rashes
-
pulmonary, eosinophilia
- diarrhea & abdominal pain
in a Strongyloides infection, diagnosis is made by seeing ____ in the feces
in a Strongyloides infection, diagnosis is made by seeing rhabditiform larvae in the feces
describe how the Sketchy relates to Strongyloides
describe the egg of Trichuris trichiura
describe the egg of Enterobius vermicularis
describe the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides
describe the eggs of Hookworms (Ancylostoma and Necator)
