Digestive System

Question 1

continuous, coiled, hollow, muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity and is open at both ends

Answer 1

gastrointestinal tract

Question 2

where food enter, a mucous membrane-lined cavity

Answer 2

oral cavity

Question 3

forms the mouths anterior roof

Answer 3

hard palate

Question 4

forms the mouths posterior roof

Answer 4

soft palate

Question 5

fleshy fingerlike projection of the soft palate, which extends downward from its posterior edge

Answer 5

uvula

Question 6

fold of mucous memebrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements

Answer 6

lingual frenulum

Question 7

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach

Answer 8

esophagus

Question 9

the innermost layer, a moist membrane that lines the cavity, or lumen, of the organ

Answer 9

mucosa

Question 10

found just beneath the mucosa, a soft connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 10

submucosa

Question 11

muscle layer typically made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

Answer 11

muscularis externa

Question 12

outermost layer of the wall

Answer 12

serosa

Question 13

consists of a single layer of flat serous fluid-producing cells

Answer 13

visceral peritoneum

Question 14

portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Answer 14

parietal peritoneum

Question 15

a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen

Answer 15

mesentery

Question 16

the internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occurs, being (in humans and many mammals) a pear-shaped enlargement of the alimentary canal linking the esophagus to the small intestine

Answer 16

stomach

Question 17

surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach

Answer 17

cardioesophageal sphincter

Question 18

band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine, plays an important role in digestion, where it acts as a valve to controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine

Answer 18

pyloric sphincter

Question 19

series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

Answer 19

rugae

Question 20

the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum

Answer 20

greater curvature

Question 21

extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or medial border of the stomach

Answer 21

lesser curvature

Question 22

large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

Answer 22

greater omentum

Question 23

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food

Answer 23

chyme

Question 24

the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine; the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum collectively

Answer 24

small intestine

Question 25

the valve formed by two folds of mucous membrane at the opening of the ileum into the large intestine

Answer 25

ileocecal valve

Question 26

the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum

Answer 26

duodenum

Question 27

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum

Answer 27

jejunum

Question 28

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum

Answer 28

ileum

Question 29

joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Answer 29

pancreatic ducts

Question 30

the duct that conveys bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum

Answer 30

bile duct

Question 31

the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively

Answer 31

large intestine

Question 32

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines

Answer 32

cecum

Question 33

a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals

Answer 33

appendix

Question 34

The ileum (last part of the small intestine) connects to the cecum (first part of the colon) in the lower right abdomen. The rest of the colon is divided into four parts: The ascending colon travels up the right side of the abdomen

Answer 34

colon

Question 35

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus

Answer 35

rectum

Question 36

most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine, which lies between the anal verge (anal orifice, anus) in the perineum below and the rectum above

Answer 36

anal canal

Question 37

he first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen

Answer 37

ascending colon

Question 38

the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach

Answer 38

transverse colon

Question 39

the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum

Answer 39

descending colon

Question 40

the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum

Answer 40

sigmoid colon

Question 41

a large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes

Answer 41

liver

Question 42

four-inch, pear-shaped organ. It’s positioned under your liver in the upper-right section of your abdomen. The gallbladder stores bile, a combination of fluids, fat, and cholesterol. Bile helps break down fat from food in your intestine. The gallbladder delivers bile into the small intestine

Answer 42

gall bladder