22 - Diet and CVD

Question 1

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 1

inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries, induced by lipid products and characterised by intimal thickening and lipid deposition

Question 2

Framingham heart study

Answer 2

epidemiologic study that examines and follows three generations of the study and identified common factors that contribute to CVD (5000 subjects - 1948 1 2002)

Question 3

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 3

Insulin resistance/T2D
Abdominal obesity
Dyslipidaemia
Hypertension

Question 4

How can excess fat cause insulin resistance

Answer 4

• Too much fat in the blood transported by CD36 transporter to cells
• usually burnt up but if in excess metabolised to toxic products e.g ceramide
o blocks signalling from the insulin receptor (usually activates GLUT4)

Question 5

Monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 5

 Palmitolic

 Oleic

Question 6

Omega 3

Answer 6

Linoleic + arachidonic

Question 7

Omega 3 FA

Answer 7

omega-3 FAs are relatively anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic

Question 8

Flavinoids

Answer 8

– plant like compounds found in fruit, vegetables, cocoa, tea, olive oil
 Beneficial on MI and stroke
 E.g quercetin (apples, onions, citrus fruit), epicatechin – flavon-3-ol (tea, chocolate)

Question 9

How can folate and B12 deficiency cause atherosclerosis

Answer 9

low methionine – high blood homocysteine –> toxic thiolactone –> damages endothelial cells atherosclerosis