24 - Kidney Histology

Question 1

Function of renal corpuscule

Answer 1

ultrafiltration of blood

Question 2

Layers of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 2

o Fenestrated capillary endothelium
o Basement membrane
o Podocyte layer of Bowman’s capsule

Question 3

Function of proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 3

reabsorption
o Na+/K+ ATPase in basolateral membranes
o 70-80% of the water, Na+ and Cl-
o ~100% of amino acids and glucose
o some bicarbonate reabsorbed/ H+ secreted
o Larger proteins, carbohydrates - endocytosis

Question 4

Appearance of PCT

Answer 4

 Microvillus brush border, endocytotic vesicles and lysosomes, basal and lateral interdigitations

Question 5

Function of loop of henle

Answer 5

creates and maintains high ionic concentrations in medulla

Question 6

Structure of loop of henle

Answer 6

o Thin simple squamous epithelium

Question 7

Descending loop of henle

Answer 7

permeable to urea, h20 but less to NaCl- absorbs water

Question 8

Ascending loop of henle

Answer 8

impermeable to water, allows some NaCl diffusion

Question 9

Structure and functionof thick ascending limb

Answer 9

simple cuboidal, actively transports Na+ with Cl- out of tubule without water→ hypotonic urine and hypertonic concentration gradient of NaCl in medulla

Question 10

Function of distal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

– reabsorb H2O with ADH presence and electrolyte (Na, K, Cl) by aldosterone

Question 11

Appearance of distal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

Simple, cuboidal epithelium, few microvilli or endocytotic vesicles

Question 12

Function of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 12

regulates BP and volume

Question 13

Juxtaglomerular cells function

Answer 13

afferent arteriole sense decreases in blood pressure and secrete renin (renin- angiotensin- aldosterone system)

Question 14

Macula densa

Answer 14

sense decreased Na+ content of distal tubule

Question 15

Function of collecting duct

Answer 15

Similar to DCT
 Final concentration of urine (ADH sensitive);
 Electrolyte and acid base balance (aldosterone sensitive)
 Urea diffusion helps maintain high solute conc of the medulla

Question 16

Appearance of collecting duct

Answer 16

simple, cuboidal to columnar epithelium, distinct lateral membranes