27 - Hypothalamus and pituitary Flashcards
Function of hypothalamus
Regulates pituitary function, feeding, stress response, water balance, sleep-wake cycle, thermoregulation, emotions
What does anterior lobe of pituitary release
adenohypophysis – releases GH, TSH, LH, FSH, PRL, ACTH - gland
What does posterior lobe release
Neurohypophysis – releases ADH and oxytocin – Hormones synthesised in the hypothalamus and travel to the posterior lobe (does not secrete)
What is PUOF1
TF that can be mutated and cause hypothyroidism
Development of pituitary
o Oral ectoderm → Rudimentary pouch →Definitive pouch → Pituitary gland
What regulates growth hormone
GHRH (stimulating) and Somatostatin (inhibiting),
When is prolactin produced
made when lack of dopamine as it inhibits production, TRH stimulates, and causes milk production and immune system effects
What regulates FSH and LH
made in gonadotroph cells and are regulated by GnRH and kisspeptin and they regulate the ovaries and testes
What causes McCune-Albright syndrome
Mosaic mutation - R201
alpha subunit mutation in embryo
What is McCune-Albright syndrome
Fibrous dysplasia, café au lait spots, endocrine dysfunction (Precocious puberty, hyperthyroid goitre, adrenal hyperplasia, somatotroph hyperplasia)
Duplication of GPR101 on X chromosome
Gigantism
Too much cortisol
Cushings
Too little cortisol
Addisons
Gonadal axis
o Kisspeptin stimulates GnRH to be released from the HT
o GnRH stimulates LH and FSH to be released from the AP
o LH and FSH are released independently
Primary underactivity
Target organ is damaged
hypothalamic stimulating hormone increases as does the pituitary hormone
