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Pharmacology > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Beta 2 Agonist Examples

A

Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol,

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2
Q

How do Beta 2 Agonists work?

A

Stimulating the receptor activates smooth muscle relaxation - improves airflow in constricted airways

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3
Q

What are the Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?

A

Salbutamol, Terbutaline

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4
Q

What are the Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?

A

Salmeterol, Formoterol

give with corticosteroid

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5
Q

Beta 2 Agonist Indications

A

Asthma, COPD, Hyperkalaemia

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6
Q

Beta 2 Agonists Contra-indications

A

CVD - can promote tachycardia

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7
Q

Beta 2 Agonists Side Effects

A

Tachycardia, Palpitations, Anxiety, Tremor, Muscle cramps

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8
Q

Beta 2 Agonists Interactions

A

Used with theophylline/Corticosteroids = hypokalaemia

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9
Q

Antimuscarinic Examples

A

Ipratropium (SAMA), Tiotropium (LAMA)

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10
Q

How do Antimuscarinics work?

A

Act as a competitive inhibitor to acetylcholine

Blocking the muscarinic receptor = reduces smooth muscle tone

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11
Q

Antimuscarinics Indications

A

COPD, Asthma

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12
Q

Antimuscarinic Contra-indications

A

Closed-Angle gluacoma, Arrythmias

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13
Q

Antimuscarinic Side Effects

A

Headache, Cough, Dry mouth

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14
Q

Corticosteroid Examples

A

Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Mometasone

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15
Q

How do Corticosteroids Work?

A

Down regulate interleukines and cytokines = reduced mucosal inflammation

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16
Q

Corticosteroid Indications

A

Asthma (2nd line), COPD (<50 FEV1)

17
Q

Corticosteroid Contra-indications

A

Hx of pneumonia, Children

18
Q

Corticosteroid Side Effects

A

Oral candidiasis, Hoarse voice

pneumonia in COPD Pxs

19
Q

Mucolytics Examples

A

Carbocisteine, Ambroxol, Acetylcysteine

20
Q

How do Mucolytics work?

A

Dissolve thick mucus by breaking chemical bonds

21
Q

Mucolytics Indications

A

COPD, Cystic Fibrosis

22
Q

Mucolytics Side Effects

A

Bronchospasm (give with salbutamol), GI Bleeding

23
Q

What is an examples of a Methylxanthine?

A

Theophylline

24
Q

How does Theophylline work?

A

Competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor = reduces inflammation in airways

25
Q

Theophylline Indications

A

COPD and Asthma

Alternative if unable to use inhaler / resistant to treatment

26
Q

What do you need to be careful off in Theophylline?

A

Many contra-indications, side-effects, and interactions

27
Q

How can you give Oxygen?

A

Reservoir mask, Venturi Mask, Nasal cannula, Non-rebreathe mask

28
Q

Oxygen Indications

A

Hypoxia, Pneumothorax, Carbon monoxide poisoning

29
Q

Oxygen Contra-indications

A

Type 2 Respiratory Failure (can = respiratory acidosis)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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