Functions of plasma proteins.

Question 1

What are plasma proteins?

Answer 1

Organic components of blood plasma, include albumines, globulines and fibrinogens

Question 2

What is the function of plasma proteins?

Answer 2

transport, storage, coagulation factors, antibodies

Question 3

What does plasma proteins contribute to?

Answer 3

oncotic pressure and suspension stability of the blood

Question 4

What is blood serum?

Answer 4

Blood plasma without fibrin/fibrinogen

Question 5

Name one method for detection and separation of plasma proteins?

Answer 5

Electrophoresis of blood serum or plasma –> result is electrophorogram.

Question 6

What is electrophoresis?

Answer 6

Charged particles’ ability of migration in an electric field depending on size, surface charge, configuration, concentration.

Question 7

What is electrophorese used for?

Answer 7

Simple protein separation, a screening method to evaluate organic components of blood plasma

Question 8

What is CRP?

Answer 8

C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein which increase following macrofages and T-lymphocytes. Innflammation marker.

Question 9

What are serpins?

Answer 9

Serine protease inhibitors. Superfamily of proteins which is related to coagulation and innflammation. Diagnostic marker of innflammation.

Question 10

Pre-albumin?

Answer 10

Protein status assesment, nutrition marker, transport thyroid hormones.

Question 11

Albumin

Answer 11

Maintenance of oncotic pressure, storage protein. Makes up half of serum proteins.

Question 12

AGP (alpha acid-1 glycoprotein)?

Answer 12

Acute phase protein. Positive –> concentration increase in respond to tissue injury, innflammation or infection.

Question 13

a-1 antitrypsin

Answer 13

serum trypsin inhibitor. Belongs to serpin family. Acute phase protein, conc. increase with acute innflammation. Absence –>neutrophils breaks down elastin, liver, lungs …

Question 14

a-2 Haptoglobin

Answer 14

Binding free hemoglobin, prevents loss of iron and sunsequent kidney damage. Positive acute phase protein involved in angiogenesis and host defence.

Question 15

a-2 Macroglobuline

Answer 15

largest major nonimmunoglubulin. Antiprotease inhibition of fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasmin ans kalkrein. Inhibitor of coagulation by inhibition of
thrombin. Transporter of growth factors and cytokines. Synthesized by liver.

Question 16

Lipoproteins

Answer 16

Transport of hydrophobic lipids.
VLDL( intestine liver–> muscle, adipose)
LDL(cholesterol –> tissues)
HDL(cholesterol –> liver)

Question 17

a-1 antichymotrypsin

Answer 17

Serpin, protects tissues against proteolytic effects. Acute phase protein.

Question 18

Transferin

Answer 18

Controls levels of free iron in biological fluids.
Incr-> iron deficiency
Decr.–>iron overload, protein malnutrition

Question 19

Fibrinogen

Answer 19

Precursor of fibrin. Can form bridges between platelets. Low levels–> systematic activation of clotting systems

Question 20

Complement components

Answer 20

Nine major complement proteins C1-C9.

Monitoring of autoimmune diseases.

Question 21

Angiotensinogen

Answer 21

Blood pressure

Question 22

Hemopexin

Answer 22

binds heme group for hemoglobin.

Question 23

Transcortin

Answer 23

cortisol transport

Question 24

Transcobalamin

Answer 24

B12 transport

Question 25

Proteins binding iron (transport, storage)?

Answer 25

Transferrin, Ferritin, Hemosiderin.

Question 26

What are complement proteins?

Answer 26

Number of small proteins found in blood, part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells
cleaved in a cascade. 3 ways:
- Classical: antigen-antibody reaction
- Alternative: no immune reaction, based on touch.
- Lechtin: surface of bacteria.

Question 27

How are globulines classified?

Answer 27

By their banding patterns, as alfa, beta and gamma.

Question 28

What is the roleoux effect?

Answer 28

stacks or aggregations of red blood cells which form because of the unique discoid shape. The flat surface of the discoid RBCs gives them a large surface area to make contact with and stick to each other; thus forming a rouleau.

Question 29

What is MAC?

Answer 29

Membrane attacking complexes. a structure typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the host’s complement system. one of the effector proteins of the immune system. MAC forms transmembrane channels. These channels disrupt the cell membrane of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death.