WEEK 9 TEETH

Question 1

What is buccal?`

Answer 1

On the cheek side

Question 2

What is lingual?

Answer 2

On the tongue side

Question 3

What is occlusal?

Answer 3

On the surface of the dentition

Question 4

What is apical?

Answer 4

On the root side (like a superior view of roots)

Question 5

What is the term labial used for in teeth?

Answer 5

Surface of INCISORS facing the lips

Question 6

What is heterodont dentition?

Answer 6

Characteristic of human dentition where the teeth look different and different types of teeth have different functions.

Question 7

What is a feature of general incisors?

Answer 7

Usually have 1 root

Question 8

Feature of upper incisors?

Answer 8

Larger than lower incisors, more assymetric

Question 9

Feature of lower incisors?

Answer 9

More chissel shaped crown, much smaller than upper incisors, more symmetrical

Question 10

What are characteristics of all canines?

Answer 10

Has one singular cusp compared with incisors that don’t have any cusps, Conical shape with LONGER roots for tearing food (most stress placed on this)

Question 11

What are characteristics of upper premolars?

Answer 11

Bicuspid (two cusps), round crowns, Buccal and lungual cusps are almost equal in size, large medial-distal groove which cuts the occlusal surface in half , OVAL occlusal shape, TWO ROOTS

Question 12

What are characteristics of lower premolars?

Answer 12

Also bicuspid but the buccal cusp is MUCH LARGER than the lingual cusp, mesio distal groove is reduced, only has ONE ROOT! Circular occlusal shape

Question 13

What are characteristics of upper molars?

Answer 13

M1 has 4 cusps, M2 may have less 3-4 cusps (and smaller than M1) , and M3 is variable, rhombus shape occlusal surface, 3 major roots

Question 14

What are characteristics of lower molars?

Answer 14

Usually has 4-5 cusps and two roots (less than upper),

Question 15

What is the strongest tissue of the body?

Answer 15

Enamel (hydroxyapatite) (fibre like mineral crystals and small amount of water and protein that holds mineral fibres together)

Question 16

What is dentine?

Answer 16

Forms most of tooth, 49% mineral component, underneath enamel of crown and covers pulp cavity (soft tissue within tooth)

Question 17

What is the function of the dental cement?

Answer 17

50% organinc and 50% inorganic material, attaches peridontal ligament to surface of the root

Question 18

What is occlusion?

Answer 18

Contact b/w opposing upper and lower teeth during jaw closure.

Question 19

What is the main cause for misalignment of the dentition?

Answer 19

The shift to a soft food diet ( masticatiory muscles aren’t trained enough and dynamic disequilibrium occurs) - malocclusion (underbite or overbite)

Question 20

What is angle class 1?

Answer 20

normal state

Question 21

Angleclass 2?

Answer 21

Overbite

Question 22

What is angle class 3?

Answer 22

Underbite

Question 23

What are the bands of retzius?

Answer 23

Allows us to estimate age of indivudual (when it reaches the external surface it is called the perikymata.

Question 24

What is enamel hypoplaisia?

Answer 24

Malformation in the tooth that can have many different causes (malnutrition, stress, lack of vitamins)

Question 25

What else can the bands of retzius/perikymata tell us?

Answer 25

By counting and measuring lines can tell how fast a species grew e.g. neanderthals apparently grew faster than modern humans (so spent less time with parents than modern humans)

Question 26

What can the chemistry of dentition tell us?

Answer 26

The breastfeeding history (Barium peaks when breastfeeding and goes down when first eating solid food) - found that Neanderthals had shorter breastfeeding periods to modern humans (ate solid food earlier than modern humans- reaching adult age sooner)

Question 27

What are the different phases of the chewing cycle in upper and lower molars?

Answer 27

When closing mouth, there is shearing, then when they interlock there is crushing (maximal occlusion), then lower dentition moves out of occlusion and there is a combo of shearing and crushing forces to make GRINDING.

Question 28

What would you find more of microscopically in gorillas (eating leaves)?

Answer 28

Much more scratches because of the shearing action for the leaves - also like sheep and cows

Question 29

What would you find more of in an animal that eats hard food?

Answer 29

More pits due to crushing

Question 30

What can you find in dental calculus?

Answer 30

Different types of microscopic elements (organic matter)

Question 31

When was the oldest known case of dentisrty?

Answer 31

14 000 years ago