Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM SAM 2 > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common hematopoietic tumor?

A

Lymphoma

—> proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etiology of lymphoma?

A

Genetics
Molecular aberrations
Immunological factors — chronic inflammatory dz
Infections — viral (FIV or FELV) or bacterial (helicobacter)
Immunosuppressive therapy
Toxins/insecticides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are lymphomas anatomically classified ?

A

Multicentric (peripheral lymph nodes) 80-85%

Alimentary
Cutaneous
Misc - CNS, heart, nasal cavity, ocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the histopatholgical classifications of lymphomas?

A

Low, intermediate, or high grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between lymphoblastic and lymphocytic lymphoma?

A

Lymphoblastic lymphoma - is a large cell and has a high grade (grows quickly and is more likely to spread)

Lymphocytic lymphoma- small cell and a low grade neoplasm (grows slower and is less likely to spread)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: most canine lymphomas are B cell derivatives

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: prognosis is better for Tcell lymphomas than Bcell lymphomas

A

False

B cells is better, T cells are terrible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are most common forms of lymphoma in felines?

A

Alimentary/GI form

-> most are intermediate large cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What uncommon form of feline lymphoma is often associated with FeLV?

A

Mediastinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Canine multicentric nodal lymphoma is primarily seen in what age group?

A

Middle-aged to older dogs

No sex or breed predilection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is substage a vs b canine multicentric nodal lymphoma

A

Substage a - clinically healthy

Substage b

  • lethargy, weakness and other non-specific clinical signs
  • paraneoplasic hypercalcemia —>PU/PD with hyperCa
  • bone marrow involvement (myelophthisis) —> neutropenia bleeding from thrombocytopenia, or anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clinical signs of alimentary lymphoma ?

A

GI signs, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, inappetence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical signs of canine mediastinal lymphoma?

A

Respiratory signs, dyspnea
Muffled heart sounds
Pre-caval syndrome (pitting edema of head, neck, and forelimbs)
50% have paraneoplasic hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical signs of canine cutaneous lymphoma?

A

Plaques/nodules on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical signs of alimentary lymphoma in cats?

A

Weight loss
Unkept haircoat
Inappentace

Chronic diarrhea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clincial signs of feline mediastinal lymphoma??

A

Resp distress
Unable to compress thorax
Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical signs of renal lymphoma?

A

PU/PD and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clincial signs of feline nasal lymphoma

A

Sneezing and nasal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can you find on PE in an animal with lymphoma?

A

Palpable lymphnodes
Rectal exam - sublumbar lymph nodes
Mucous membranes pallor/petechiae

Organometallic
-splenomegaly/hepatomegaly

Intestinal wall thickening
Uveitis/retinal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

You do a CBC on your lymphoma patient, what do you expect to find?

A

Anemia - normocytic normochronic non-regenerative anemia

Myelopthisis - neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

21
Q

You want to do a bone marrow aspirate to stage your lymphoma dog.. where can you do this?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus or iliac crest

22
Q

You want to do a bone marrow aspirate to stage your lymphoma CAT.. where can you do this?

A

Femoral intertrocanteric fossa

23
Q

What can you see on a serum biochem in a lymphoma patient?

A

40% are hypercalcemia - PTHrp production

Azotemia - renal lymphoma

Hepatic involvement?

24
Q

What test do you want to do in cats with lymphoma that is important for your diagnosis, prognosis, and husbandry for those cats?

A

FeLV and FIV status

25
Q

What is standard of care for diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma

A

Histopathology of biopsy and flow-cytometry of FNA

26
Q

T/F: based off of FNA, pathologists can diagnose lymphoma in cats

A

False

They can make the diagnosis from FNA in dogs, but not cats

27
Q

Why do we want to do histopathology with lymphoma

A

Immunophenotype the tumor - Bcell better prognosis than Tcell

Assess grade of neoplasm

28
Q

What is PARR?

A

PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement

Neoplasia lymphoid cells have DNA that is permanently rearranged
Bcell DNA for immunoglobulins
Tcell DNA for Tcell receptors

29
Q

How can lymphoid phenotyping be done?

A

Flow cytometry
Immunohistochemistry (biopsy)
Immunohistochemistry (smear)
PARR

30
Q

If you leave a lymphoma untreated.. what is the survival time?

A

4-6weeks

31
Q

Chemotherapy is used for intermediate and high grade lymphoma.. what is the median remission and survival time in dogs vs cats?

A

Dog - 90% response rate

  • > 20-25% are alive 2 years post protocol
  • > remission is 8-12months

Cat - 70% response rate

  • > MST 6-8months
  • > remission 4-6months
32
Q

What is the most common chemo protocol for canine lymphoma?

A

CHOP

Cyclophosphamide
Hydroxydanorubicin (doxorubicin)
Oncovin (vincristine)
Prednisone

33
Q

What is the response of canine lymphoma if you decide to only treat with prednisolone?

A

Short lived remission, 1-2months

** if you have already used pred, response to chemo after is much lower**

34
Q

What is the response rate of canine lymphoma to doxorubicin ONLY?

A

70% of cases respond
Remission 5 months
MST 7months

35
Q

What do you do if you have a clinically significant hypercalcemia due to lymphoma?

A

Should disappear once you start treatment

IV fluids and diuretics (furosemide)

Prednisolone (calciuric)

Biphosphonates —> inhibit osteoclast cells

Calcitonin -> oppose action of PTH, regulate Ca and P in blood

36
Q

What is the MOA of rababfosadine

A

Interferes with cells DNA synthesis machinery and halts growth and causes apoptosis of cells

37
Q

What is the feline lymphoma treatment?

A

Multi-agent chemo

Some use COP protocol
—> complete response rate 50-80%
—>MST 4-6months

38
Q

What does it mean for there to be complete response with lymphoma ?

A

Disappearance of all target lesions at >4weeks

39
Q

What is the treatment for cats with a low grade small cell alimentary lymphoma?

A

Chlorambucil with pred

MST 2-3yrs

40
Q

What is the treatment for dogs with indolent/low-grade lymphoma?

A

Chlorambucil and pred
OR
Cyclophosphamide and pred

Surgery is confined to spleen or single lymph node

41
Q

What is your treatment for a relapsed lymphoma?

A

> 2 months after end of chemo —> re-induction of previous chemo protocol

<2moths and no response to chemotherapy —> use drugs not in CHOP protocol “rescue chemo”

42
Q

What are prognostic factors for lymphoma?.

A 
Stage 
Substage (b worse than a)
Histopathology 
Phenotype (T worse than B) 
Previous pred therapy (worse prog) 
Mediastinal lymphoma - greater complicates and shorter response rate 
Anatomical location 
Chemo induced neutropenia - prolonged remission rate
43
Q

What is a lymphoid leukemia?

A

Proliferation of neoplasic cells of bone marrow

Acute vs chronic
RARE disease

44
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

A 
Lethargy
Weight loss 
Intermittent pyrexia
Hepatospenomegaly 
Abdominal pain 
Neurological signs

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia

45
Q

Clinical signs for chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

A 
Lethargy 
Pyrexia
PU/PD
Hemorrhage (thrombocytopenia) 
Intermittent lameness and collapse

Peripheral lymphocytosis

46
Q

T/F: chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a better response to therapy than acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

True

47
Q

Clinical signs associated with multiple myeloma?

A

Lameness
Weakness
Lethargy
Pain

High levels of circulating gamma proteins —> hyperviscosity syndrome

  • neuro signs
  • bleeding diathesis
  • ophthalmic abnormalities
  • increased cardiac workload

Renal dz — PU/PD and dehydration

  • proteinuria
  • tumor into renal tissue
  • hyperCa
  • amyloidosis
48
Q

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma ?

A

BM aspirate —> plasmacytosis

Serum or urine myeloma protein —> electrophoresis

Rads

  • > osteolytic lesions
  • > pathological fractures
  • > can have bone lysisi
49
Q

Treatment for multiple myeloma?

A

Melphalan with pred

Melphalan can cause myelosuppreesion —> thrombocytopenia so monitor CBC

Hypercalcemia therapy
Plasmapheresis for hyperviscocity syndrome
Fluid therapy for renal impairment

RUSVM SAM 2 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions