Pruritis 3 - Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

What ectoparasites cause pruritus in dogs?

A
Sarcoptes 
Demodecosis 
Cheyletiella 
Lice 
Chiggers
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2
Q

T/F: Sarcoptes in very contagious and zoonotic

A

True

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3
Q

Clinical signs of sarcoptic mange?

A

Intensely pruritic - positive pedal reflex

Poorly steroid responsive
Lesions - papule, alopecia, erythema, crust, excoriation

Affected - hocks, elbows, pinnae margins, ventral abdomen, and chest

Predilection for sparsely haired areas

Secondary weight loss

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4
Q

How can you diagnose sarcoptic mange?

A

Response to treatment
Positive pinnae-pedal reflex

Extremely difficult to find mite on scraping —> take at least superficial scraping form different sites

Fecal flotation
—> often mites are found in feces

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5
Q

What is the treatment for sarcoptic mange?

A

Topical dips

  • anti-seborrhetic shampoo
  • 2-3% lime sulfur (dilates follicles)
  • amitraz

Topical spot-on / systemic

  • selectamin
  • modixectin (off label)
  • ivermectin
  • milbemycin
  • fipronil

Treat all affected and in-contact dogs
Treat secondary pyoderma
Clean all bedding/kennels

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6
Q

What demodex sp in in dog?

A

Demodex canis

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7
Q

What demodex sp is in cats?

A

Demodex cati

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8
Q

What are the two types of demodecosis?

A

Localized or generalized

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9
Q

What type of demodex is usually in young patients? Where is is usually found on the body?

A

Localized; face and forelimbs

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10
Q

What type of demodecosis is found in dogs <18months or adult onset? Where on the body is it found?

A

Generalized; all over the body and on feet

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11
Q

If a dog has a generalized demodecosis you should do what as part of your diagnostic?

A

Look for underlying disease

Skin scrape - deep, warm and squeeze the skin

Chronic fibrotic areas - biopsy and histopatholgoy

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12
Q

What is the DDX for folliculitis ?

A

Fungal — dermatophytosis

Bacterial

Demodex

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13
Q

How do you treat localized demodecosis ?

A

Mild dz usually heals spontaneously over 6-8wks

Use in Amitraz is not recommended — encourages mite resistance

local application of an antiparasitic ear ointment or a benzoyl peroxide can be used

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14
Q

How do you treat a generalized demodecosis ?

A

Treatment is long term —> intensive and prognosis could be poor
AMITRAZ!

30-50% of dogs <1yr with generalized demodecosis will heal spontaneously

Over 1yr - definitely needs treatment

Mite counts should be recorded - always manage deep pyoderma aggressively

Clinical cure precedes parasitological cure — continue treatment until at least skin scraps are negative for 3consecutive weeks

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15
Q

What procedure do you follow to maximized amitraz treatment efficacy?

A

Clip long haired dogs

Warm water soak/shower help dilate follicles

Use a benzoyl peroxide shampoo to remove crust and dilate follicles

Sponge on prep and leave on - DO NOT rinse off

Feet may be specifically managed with a Triatix/mineral oil mixed applied twice weekly

Maintenance dipping may be required for life

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16
Q

T/F: ivermectin is labeled for treatment of demodecosis

A

False

This is extra label used

Be careful “white feet dont treat” - PCR test for MDR-1 gene mutation

17
Q

What are signs of ivermectin toxicity ?

A

Weakness, ataxia, and sleepiness

18
Q

What are alternative treatments to amitraz for demodecosis

A

Ivermectin (off label)

Doramectin
Interceptor
Advantage multi

19
Q

What is the name of the walking dandruff mite?

A

Cheyletiella mite

20
Q

Clinical signs of Cheyletiella mites?

A

Walking dandruff
Scaling
Pruritus , positive scratch reflex, papular crust

21
Q

T/F: cheyletiellosis is zoonotic

A

True

22
Q

How do you diagnose cheyletiellosis

A

Direct visualization - crawling on fur

Acetate tape test
Flea comb

23
Q

Treatment of cheyletiellosis?

A

All in-contact animals
Treat environment

Topical

  • shampoo —> selenium sulphide, permethrin, lim sulphur
  • spot on - selectamin, moxidectin every two weeks
  • fipronil
  • Amitraz dips

Treatment length - 6week minimum

24
Q

What nematode can cause a dermatitis, what are the clinical sings, and how could you diagnose?

A

Ancylostoma spp or uncinaria spp

Clinical signs

  • interdigital areas
  • pruritic
  • erythema, alopecia, thickening

Diagnose by fecal float

25
Q

How long will you treat a dog with hookworm dermatitis>

A

For 6weeks..

The prepatent period is 3 weeks.. repeat dose every 2 weeks and give 3 treatments

26
Q

Trombicula mites are AKA?

A

Chiggers or harvest mites

27
Q

What time of year do you see chiggers and where are they found?

A

Spring and fall

Throughout central USA

28
Q

T/F: both larvae and adults of chigger mites are found on the animal

A

False

Adults are almost never found on adult —> in environment, lay eggs in soil, larvae hatch and crawl onto host

29
Q

Chigger mites are localized to what part of the animal>?

A

Legs, head, and abdomen

Cats — inside ears

Cause pruritus, papules, and erythema

30
Q

Diagnosis of chiggers?

A

Skin scrape

Red colour mites

31
Q

Treatment of chiggers?

A

Two pyrethrin dips spaced two weeks apart

Topical antiparasitic drugs

Topical/oral prednisolone to alleviate pruritus