7>conversation analysis Flashcards
Conversation analysis (CA)=
involves the SEQUENTIAL norms underlying the organisation of social norms (aka how speech acts interact with one another & how they are sequentially organised)
Conversation functions as…. depending on…?
a system, depending on its contextual situatedness
Talk-in-interaction depends on?
the organisation of turn-taking
turn taking=
the relative ordering of speakers, of construction units & of different types of utterance
sequential organisation (broad)=
depends on turn-taking (the relative ordering of utterance & actions)
sequence organisation (narrower)=
the organisation of courses of action enacted within turns-at-talk (sequences of actions/moves as vehicles for getting some general activity done
2 ways to turn take?>
-1 selection by prior speaker (whose turn action requires a turn with a ‘responsive action’ from next speaker)
-2 self-selection (claim turn-space by starting a first TCU)
TCU=
turn constructional unit
Transition relevant pace=
1>when a speaker approaches the possible completion of a 1st TCU in a turn, transition to a next speaker can become relevant
2>transition to next speaker is accomplished just after the possible completion of the TCU in progress
3> the span that begins with the imminence of possible completion is a “transition-relevance-place”
Turn-constructional units=
the building blocks out of which turns are fashioned
TCU’s can be made of>
sentences (“im finally home”)
clauses (“on the shelf”)
lexical items (“there, no, old trafford”)
what are TCU’s bounded by?
the phonetic realisation of ‘intonational packaging’ (thus are phonetically separated)
2 features of adjacency pairs>
1>hearers should project the imminent possible completion of a TCU & what actions it is implementing
2>A TCU serves to (i) select the next speaker & (ii) what sort of responses that action makes relevant for that next speaker
FPP=
first-pair-part (main action of speaker A)
SPP=
second-pair-part (main action of speaker B)
Affect of conditional relevance on an adjacency pair>
conditional relevance DEFINES an adjacency pair–>it determines sequences (e.g. greeting-greeting; qn-ans)
An adjacency pair=
a unit of two turns by different speakers
What are ‘pair-parts’ united by in an adjacency pair?
a ‘relevance rule’
what is a ‘relevance rule’ in pair-parts of adjacency pairs?>
relevance rule= upon the recognisable production of the first pair-part, the recipient should produce a second pair-part of the SAME sequence type
when may ‘TROUBLES’ arise?>
when joint structure of adjacency pairs & relevance is not JOINTLY observed interactionally
When a summon (directive) is not abided to in the second pair-part, what happens?>
- pursuit
- inference
- report (“you are not answering; “she didnt answer”)
Pre-expansions=
an adjacency pair that occurs before the first pair-part of a base adjacency pair & projects the relevance of that sequence (e.g. a pre-invitation)
what are pre-expansions mostly used for?>
to create alignment with the interlocutor & avoid TROUBLES
counter=
responding to the just completed first pair part with the SAME FORMULA being redirected at the one who just did it (e.g. “whats this?” “why dont you tell me?”)
