7, Imperialism Flashcards
(9 cards)
Imperial expansion at end of 19th century
Most of Africa under European occupation
Battle of Algiers, 1957 - France gets Algeria
Belgium had Congo
American expansion: particularly Philippines, Hawaii
Ernest Renan quote on colonisation
1871
‘colonization was a political necessity… a nation that doesn’t colonize is irrevocably destined for socialism.’
French colonialism as a way of rejuvenating the nation
Algeria, North Africa
French département by late 19C - French law extended, but not everyone a citizen, only Christians, Jews (Muslims etc. denied full citizenship unless give up religion)
Need for rejuvenation: degeneration, worries around masculinity and femininity, rising alcohol rates
Scramble for Africa
1880-1914
Effect of wealth created by imperialism
1884 berlin conference: agreement of european division of africa, creatign pseudo boarders
Berlin Conference
1884-5
Response to the scramble
No African leaders involved
Discuss trade and how to divide up the continent
Belgium take control of Congo, Congo Free State established
Belgian exploitation of the Congo Free State
Leopold II brutal regime of exploitation of natural resources, especially ivory and rubber
What was the civilising mission?
France wanted to spread their culture (land of rights) through colonialism as it was the pinnacle of humanity after the rev
Tunisia expedition (1881)
Senegal becomes French West Africa (1895)
Madagascar a colony (1895)
Conklin: France failed
G Wilder: France rasist
Quote on European colonial expansion
Harmand (2004): “The basic legitimation of conquest over native peoples is the conviction that of our superiority, not merely our mechanical, economic, and military superiority, but our moral superiority.” - racist
Anti-Imperialist protests and opposition to colonialism
Belgium gov takes over Congo Free State and runs it as a colony – still exploited but not as much as under Leopold II
result of formation of the Congo Reform Association – Christian/missionaries worried about the Congo
