7. Pollution and it’s Management

Question 1

Defined as anthropogenic, undesired change in water, air, or soil through addition of material or energy

Answer 1

pollution

Question 2

are often byproducts of essential activities e.g. provision of energy, crop production, manufacturing, air conditioning

Answer 2

pollutant

Question 3

is considered one of the most eutrophic bodies of water in the country

Answer 3

Manila Bay

Question 4

measure of water quality

Answer 4

dissolved oxygen

Question 5

the higher the dissolved oxygen _____

Answer 5

the better the quality

Question 6

is often composed of 99.9% water and 0.1% pollutants

Answer 6

sewage/ waste water

Question 7

Sewage is often composed of ___% water and ___% pollutants

Answer 7

99.9% ; 0.1%

Question 8

facility that is composed of stages where water must go through in order

Answer 8

wastewater treatment facility

Question 9

first step in a wastewater treatment facility

Answer 9

removal of large materials

Question 10

last step in a wastewater treatment facility

Answer 10

removal of nutrient chemicals

Question 11

“the result of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients which
may cause an increase in the accelerated growth of algae
(phytoplankton) in the water column and higher forms of plants living
on the bottom of the sea”

Answer 11

Eutrophication

Question 12

when wastewater is dumped into bodies of water without nutrient,

Answer 12

it would create a nutrient rich runoff

Question 13

common sources of nutrients are

Answer 13

industrial and agricultural runoff

Question 14

[7] methods to prevent eutrophication

Answer 14

-chemical treatments
-aeration
-banning of phosphate detergents
-advanced sewage treatment
-control of urban runoff
-control of sediments (sediment traps in construction and mining)

Question 15

process where excess silt is removed from the bottom of the bay

Answer 15

Dredging

Question 16

chemicals are considered hazardous if it as the following characteristics:

Answer 16

-ignitability
-corrosivity
-reactivity
-toxicity

Question 17

substances that easily catch fire

Answer 17

ignitability

Question 18

unstable substances, forms fumes and may explode

Answer 18

reactivity

Question 19

detrimental to health when ingested or inhaled

Answer 19

toxicity

Question 20

the accumulation by organisms, of hazardous metals and non biodegradable synthetic organics over time until it reaches toxic levels

Answer 20

bioaccumulation

Question 21

the accumulation of hazardous chemicals increases further along the food chain

Answer 21

biomagnification

Question 22

methods of disposing hazardous chemicals:

Answer 22

-landfill
-deepwell injection
-surface impoundment

Question 23

considered one of the greatest oil spill disaster in the coutnry

Answer 23

Guimaras Oil Spill

Question 24

an increased _____ was found in sea shells [guimaras oil spill]

Answer 24

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 25

common air pollutants:

Answer 25

-suspended particulate matter -volatile organic compounds -carbon monoxide -nitrgoen oxides -air toxins and radon

Question 26

[air pollutant] solid particles and aerosols like dust, smoke, haze

Answer 26

suspended particulate matter

Question 27

[pollutant] substances which evaporate like gasoline, paint solvents, organic cleaning solutions

Answer 27

volatile organic compounds

Question 28

[pollutant] poisonous to living organisms as it competes with oxygen in the blood

Answer 28

carbon monoxide

Question 29

[pollutant] converted into nitric acid in the atmosphere, produces acid rain

Answer 29

nitrogen oxides

Question 30

[pollutant] carcinogenic materials, radioactive materials, asbestos

Answer 30

air toxins and radon

Question 31

what are the top three sources of air pollution?

Answer 31

1. small non-road sources & machinery 2. manufacturing industry & construction 3. industrial pocesses

Question 32

5 layers of the atmosphere:

Answer 32

1. Troposhere 2. Stratosphere 3. Ozone layer 4. Mesosphere 5. Ionosphere

Question 33

[layers of the atmosphere] the most significant, in terms of pollution mechanism, are the

Answer 33

troposhere & stratosphere

Question 34

[layer of the atmosphere] has mixing and is where clouds and water vapor are contained

Answer 34

troposphere

Question 35

[layer of the atmosphere] has no mixing and has high temperature due to the ozone layer

Answer 35

stratosphere

Question 36

What happens to air pollutants that dissipates into the troposhere?

Answer 36

Air pollutants that reach the troposphere return to eath surface through rain.

Question 37

What happens to air pollutants that eventually reach the stratosphere?

Answer 37

Air pollutats that reach the stratosphere stay there forever.

Question 38

Annual average of pollutants in Manila is at

Answer 38

17 ug/m3

Question 39

Annual average of pollutants in Manila is ____% more than the recommended safe level.

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

defined as the total of all materials wasted from domestiv and commercial establishments, also called garbage/trash/refuse

Answer 40

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Question 41

Majority of our MSW are ___

Answer 41

biodegradables

Question 42

Disposing of MSW

Answer 42

1. lanfdill 2. combustion

Question 43

provides the legal framework for the country's systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of public health and the environment

Answer 43

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

Question 44

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act also provides the necessary institutional mechanisms with the creation of the __________ which shall oversee the implementation

Answer 44

National Solid Waste Management Commission

Question 45

is a process that can happen in a water body when too many nutrients are added to the system

Answer 45

Eutrophication

Question 46

Eutrophication starts with ___

Answer 46

fertilizers

Question 47

____ are food for algae

Answer 47

Nutriens

Question 48

water without oxygen is called

Answer 48

anoxic

Question 49

If the water turns anoxic, all non-bacterial life in the water, including fish and other animals

Answer 49

will die

Question 50

process of Eutrophication

Answer 50

- nutrients are added to water - causing an algal bloom - cutting off sunlight and feeding bacteria - the bacteria use up oxygen in the water, which becomes anoxic -causing every living thing in the water to die