7: The Argumentative Text Flashcards
is not just a matter of linguistic ability; on the contrary, it means ability to defend our personal point of view about an issue, by being aware of the social issues which enables us carry out everyday tasks.
Argumentative style
defined as a type of discourse concerned with presentation and evaluation of arguments to persuade and convince the audience.
Argumentative Text
aimed to reinforce the truth of the thesis based on relevant authors, personal experience or analogy.
Positive Arguments
aimed to refute the arguments or ideas against the main thesis to be developed.
Negative Argument
Types of Argumentative Text
Subjective and Objective
the speaker or writer desire to communicate certain ideas to provoke the audience. The speaker or writer starts by presenting an argument either explicit or implicit before arriving at a conclusion.
Subjective
types of subjective text
speeches and written discourse
Objective text is also known as
scientific type
the speaker or writer speaks in an _________ point of view based on a given data from bibliographic references of relevant authors, from author’s personal experience and by analogy. It involves exposition, explanation, definition or
interpretation of a given issue.
Objective
the proposition is presented in the thesis statement.
Introduction
Structure of argumentative text
introduction
developmental paragraph
conclusion
parts of a Developmental Paragraph
Explanation of the Issue
Outline of argument
Proofs/evidences
Refutation
the author can modify the opinions of the audience by making effective discourse when introducing the different approaches to the issue.
Explanation of the Issue
difficult points of the argument which must be presented in a concise, organized and coherent way. The argument is more effective in this part because the audience is better informed.
Outline of argument
supports main arguments with contributions from literary authorities and references (uses cues such as “ as a matter of fact”,”historically”, “what’s more”), the purpose of which is to invite the audience or readers to reflect on them and consider the references to strengthen the arguments.
Proofs/evidences
opposite thoughts of the argument are presented. Presenting the other side of the issue will establish more interest on the part of the audience.
Refutation
end the argument with a good summary of the opposite arguments, positive and negative which reflects the author’s position of an issue. The concluding statement will either present a universal truth or additional contribution to the issue.
Conclusion
concerns unity of all sentences in a paragraph. A piece of writing has unity when all the ideas and information relate to the topic sentence or the thesis statement.
Cohesion
It is presenting the ideas and sentences in a logical way. The text is semantically connected when ideas are related to each other, thus, the reader understands the concept.
Coherence
a very common process in word formation. It is a shortened form of a word. It may mean cutting from both ends and leaving a part to stand for the whole.
CLIPPING
using two words together into one.
BLENDING
a combination of two words blended into one.
portmanteau
blending was first used by who
lewis caroll in “through the looking glass”
two or three words put together to make a full form. These two words are often written as separate words. it is also separated by a hyphen.
COMPOUNDING
