7: Torso and Spine Muscles

Question 1

erector spinae groups

Answer 1

spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

Question 2

erector spinae group actions

Answer 2

spine extension, spine hyperextension, spine lateral flexion

Question 3

erector spinae spinalis group location

Answer 3

off the spinous processes of the vertebrae

Question 4

erector spinae longissimus group location

Answer 4

off the transverse processes of the vertebrae

Question 5

erector spinae iliocostalis group location

Answer 5

off the ribs

Question 6

erector spinae group that is the most medial

Answer 6

spinalis gropu

Question 7

erector spinae group that is most lateral

Answer 7

iliocostalis group

Question 8

3 sections of erector spinae spinalis group

Answer 8

capitus, cervicis, and thoracis

Question 9

3 sections of erector spinae longissimus group

Answer 9

capitus, cervicis, and thoracis

Question 10

3 sections of erector spinae iliocostalis group

Answer 10

cervicis, thoracis, and lumborium

Question 11

capitus

Answer 11

head

Question 12

cervicis

Answer 12

cervical vertebrae region

Question 13

thoracis

Answer 13

thoracic vertebrae region

Question 14

lumorum

Answer 14

lumbar vertebrae region

Question 15

common erector spinae problem, lifting heavy weights without proper back support leads to the stretching/tearing of the ligaments and fibers from excessive extension or rotation of spine

Answer 15

back strain

Question 16

very common health problem and the most frequent and most expensive of all workman’s compensation claims in the US

Answer 16

low back pain

Question 17

During full flexion the erector spinae are ____. When standing upright the muscles are ___ and extension is initiated by the ____. This is why you should always lift with a straight back to avoid injury

Answer 17

relaxed, active, hamstrings

Question 18

deep muscles of the spine (LIMIRSSS)

Answer 18

longus colli group, interspinalis, multifdus, intertransversarii, rotatores, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and semispinalis thoracis

Question 19

Longus Colli Group AR

Answer 19

A: C-spine flexion; R: anterior c-spine

Question 20

Interspinalis AR

Answer 20

A: extension (hyper); R: spinous process

Question 21

Multifidus AR

Answer 21

A: extension (hyper), rotation to opposite side; R: transverse to spinous

Question 22

Intertransversarii AR

Answer 22

A: lateral flexion; R: transverse process

Question 23

very tiny muscles that connect from one spinous process to another

Answer 23

interspinalis muscles

Question 24

connect between each transverse process

Answer 24

intertransversarii muscles

Question 25

lies deep to erector spinae muscles and it connects from one transverse process to the nest spinous process

Answer 25

multifidus

Question 26

Rotatores AR

Answer 26

A: extension (hyper), rotation to opp side; R: transverse to spinous

Question 27

Semispinalis Capitis AR

Answer 27

A: extension (hyper), rotation to opp side; R: occipital

Question 28

Semispinalis Cervicis AR

Answer 28

A: extension (hyper, rotation to opp side; R: cervical

Question 29

Semispinalis Thoracis AR

Answer 29

A: extension (hyper), rotation to opp side; R: thoracic

Question 30

Which deep spine muscles share the exact same actions?

Answer 30

multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, and semispinalis thoracis

Question 31

differs from the multifidus by going from 1 transverse process to 2 spinous processes

Answer 31

rotatores

Question 32

abdominal muscles (TIRE)

Answer 32

transversus abdominis, internal obliques, rectus abdominis, and external obliques

Question 33

External Obliques OIA

Answer 33

O: lower 8 ribs; I: iliac crest, linea alba; A: lateral flexion to same side, trunk flexion, rotation to opposite side

Question 34

Internal Obliques OIA

Answer 34

O: iliac crest, inguinal ligament; I: pubic bone, 7th-9th ribs; A: lateral flexion to same side, trunk flexion, rotation to same side

Question 35

important during forced expiration, coughing, and sneezing

Answer 35

internal obliques

Question 36

Rectus Abdominis OIA

Answer 36

O: pubic symphysis; I: ribs 5-7, ziphoid process; A: flexion of the trunk

Question 37

Transversus Abdominis OIA

Answer 37

O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest; I: linea alba; A: supports viscera

Question 38

primary ab muscle and is used during sit-ups and leg raises while lying down

Answer 38

rectus abdominis

Question 39

divide each rectus into 4 bellies, 8 total

Answer 39

tendinous bands

Question 40

deepest of the obliques and rectus abdominis, runs transversally. used for compression of the viscera (keeps everything, internal organs, in place)

Answer 40

transversus abdominis

Question 41

action of abdominal compression that reduces or maintains the size of the abdominal cavity

Answer 41

isometric action

Question 42

why is abdominal compression useful during lifting activities?

Answer 42

the decrease in cavity size causes an increase in pressure and pushes on the anterior lumbar bodies, which helps stabilize the spine and assist in producing lumbar extension, which is helpful when the spine is most vulnerable to injuries (lifting activities)

Question 43

lower trunk extensor

Answer 43

quadratus lumborum (posterior)

Question 44

Quadratus Lumborum (posterior) OIA

Answer 44

O: posterior part of iliac crest; I: 12th rib, transverse processes of L1-L4; A: lateral flexion to same side, extension, hyperextension

Question 45

4 sided muscle in lumbar region that helps to stabilize lumbar vertebrae as well as assisting in forced expiration

Answer 45

quadratus lumborum (posterior)

Question 46

Primary muscles of respiration

Answer 46

diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals

Question 47

dome-shaped at the level of the xiphoid process and last 7 ribs. contracts downward to enlarge thoracic cavity during inspiration

Answer 47

diaphragm

Question 48

very deep muscle that is the most important muscle of inspiration. pressure changes occur within this muscle to help blood return to the heart (larger volume=less pressure)

Answer 48

diaphragm

Question 49

aid in inspiration and their fibers are oriented obliquely down and forward toward the costal cartilage

Answer 49

external intercostals

Question 50

attached between each rib, rib elevation to enlarge cavity during inspiration

Answer 50

external intercostals

Question 51

attached between each rib. decrease cavity and aids in forced expiration

Answer 51

internal intercostals

Question 52

aid in forced expiration and their fibers are oriented obliquely away from the costal cartilage

Answer 52

internal intercostals

Question 53

muscles that aid in inspiration

Answer 53

diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 54

muscles that aid in forced expiration

Answer 54

internal intercostals, quadratus lumborum, transversus thoracis

Question 55

muscles that increase thoracic cavity

Answer 55

levator costarum, scalenus group, serratus posterior (superior), subcostales, diaphragm, external intercostals

Question 56

help with inspiration by raising the 1st rib

Answer 56

scalene group from the cervical region

Question 57

levator costarum AR

Answer 57

A: rib elevation; R: between ribs

Question 58

scalenus (group) AR

Answer 58

A: rib 1 elevation, cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation; R: transverse process to rib 1

Question 59

serratus posterior (superior fibers) AR

Answer 59

A: rib elevation; R: upper ribs

Question 60

subcostales AR

Answer 60

A: rib elevation; R: inner surface of the ribs

Question 61

muscles that decrease thoracic cavity

Answer 61

transversus thoracis, serratus posterior (inferior), internal intercostals

Question 62

tranversus thoracis AR

Answer 62

A: rib depression; R: inner surface of costal cartilage

Question 63

serratus posterior (inferior fibers) AR

Answer 63

A: rib depression; R: lower ribs