7 WORMS Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Three species of Mansonella

M. ozzardi
* M. perstans
* M. streptocerca

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a vector-borne filarial
nematode genus, are associated with human infections

Mansonella spp

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a vector-borne filarial
nematode genus, are associated with human infections

Mansonella spp

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What are the primary vectors of mansonella spp

biting midges of the genus Culicoides

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____________ endemic throughout West, East, and
Central Africa, and is also highly prevalent in some neotropical
regions of Central and South America where it was likely
introduced.

Mansonella Perstans

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__________is a New World species with a patchy distribution, and
is found in Central America, South America (Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela) and several
Caribbean islands

Mansonella Ozzardi

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__________ is an Old World species that occurs in tropical
regions of West and Central Africa.

Mansonella Steptocerca

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___________ infections generally appears to be mild

Mansonella Spp

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(mansonella Spp)
Many infections are ____________

Asymptomatic

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Mansonella Spp.

Non-specific symptoms including
___________ may occur. ________ and __________ symptoms also have been reported. Signs may include __________ and ________

FFPAA

fever,
fatigue,
pruritus,
arthralgias,
and abdominal pain

Headache
and
neuropsychiatric

Lymphadenopathy
and eosinophilia.

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___________ are usually diagnosed by
the finding of microfilariae circulating in blood

Mansonella perstans and M. ozzardi

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_________is usually diagnosed by finding microfilariae
in skin snips.

Mansonella streptocerca

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There is no standard treatment at present for

mansonellosis

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__________ is presently one of the most widely used, but the use of ___________ has also been proven to be very effective against microfilariae.

The combination therapy of diethylcarbamazine plus
mebendazole for M. perstans microfilaremia

Ivermectin

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common name for drancunculus medinensis

GFM
* Guinea worm
* Fiery serpent
* Medina Worm

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Disease of Dracunculus Medinensis

Dracunculiasis

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Parasite is frequently
found in the
subcutaneous tissues
and muscles of humans,
dogs, and sometimes
cattle and horses.

Dracunculus medinensis

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The disease causes
cutaneous nodules and
subsequent ulcers.

Dracunculus medinensis

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In dracunculus medinensis

________ are small (1.2-2.9 cm
long)

Males

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In Dracunculus medinensis

___________ measures 60cm in
length

females

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In Dracunculus medinensis

The larvae, which measure
between_____ and _______
micrometers, can live for ___ days
in clean water and ________ weeks
in muddy water.

500 and 700 mm
6 days - clean
2-3 weeks - muddy

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Drancunculus Medinensis
Life Cycle
* Infective Stage:
* Definitive host:
* Intermediate host:

3rd stage of larva
humans, dogs, horses
cyclops / copepods

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3 Treatment of dcyclops / copepodsracunculus medinensis

RFA

Removal of worm
Filtering water sources
Avoid contact with contaminated water

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Also known as the “Trichina Worm”, “Pork Worm

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

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3 Diseases of Trichinella spiralis

Trichinosis - Trichiniasis - Trichinellosis

TRCIHINELLA SPIRALIS Pork worm * Scientific classification Kingdom: Phylum: Class: Order: Family: Genus: Species: Binomial name: Trichinella spiralis

* Pork worm * Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Adenophorea Order: Trichurida Family: Trichinellidae Genus: Trichinella Species: T. spiralis Binomial name: Trichinella spiralis

In trichinella spiralis Measures _________mm in length by _________ micra in transverse diameter.

1.4-1.6 mm 40-60

In trichinella spiralis ___________is found at the caudal end which is eversible during coitus. It is guarded by 2 conspicuous conical papillae which clasp the female during copulation

cloaca

Spicule is _______ * Posterior end of the worm is _________

absent curved ventrad

In Trichinella Spiralis Morphology: __________Worm About __________ and _________ micra in width. * _________ opens at the anterior fifth of the body. * Has a single uterus which contains larvae.

3-4 mm 60-80 Vulva

In trichinella spiralis ____________ measures ________ by _______ micra when extruded by the female worm

encysted larva

provided with a spear-like burrowing tip at its tapering anterior end

Trichinella spiralis morphology encysted larva

in the striated muscles, the larva grows to about 0.8-1mm and becomes encrusted along the axis of the muscle fibers

Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis Life cycle: Infective stage : Defintive host: Diagnostic stage:

Trichinella spiralis Life cycle: Infective stage : encystted larva Defintive host: swine, human -accidental host Diagnostic stage:encysted larva

what is the Diagnosis of trichinella spiralis?

muscle biopsy bentonite flocculation test

clinical disease for trichinella S

Clinical Disease 1. Destruction of the muscle fiber 2. Eosinophilia 3. May have myocardial involvement

Trichinella spiralis prevention

Prevention and Control 1. Sterilizing garbage containing raw meat scraps 2. Cook meat properly (77oC or 170oF) 3. Storage at -150C for 20 days or -300C for 6 days 4. Screening of pigs 5. Public education

Trichinella spiralis treatment

thiabendazole mebendazole

Common Name of angiostrongylus cantonensis

rat lungworm

Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Was described by _______ in _____ from ________ in _________

chen - 1935 domestic rats canton. china

Angiostrongylus cantonensis The worm normally lives in the lungs of rats but can cause __________________in man

eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

disease in angiostrongylus C

angiostrongyliasis eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

- pale and filiform - 16 to 19 mm x 0.26 mm in diameter - they have a well-developed caudal bursa (kidney-shaped & single-lobed)

male in angiostrongy C

- pale and filiform - 21 to 25 mm x 0.30-0.36 mm in diameter - has uterine tubules which are round spirally around the intestine (barber’s pole pattern) - lays 15,000 eggs/day

female in angiostrongy

Have delicate ___________ * Measure 46-48 micra x 68 micra * Unembryonated when ___________

angiostrongylusC hyaline shells oviposited

Life Cycle * Infective stage * Definitive host – * Incidental host – * Intermediate host

Life Cycle * Infective stage – 3 rd stage larva * Definitive host – rats * Incidental host – humans * Intermediate host – snails (Achatina fulica)

diagnosis for angiostrongy

* Relatively difficult * Presumptive diagnosis is made by travel history and exposure * CSF (10% eosinophilia in proportion to the WBC) * CT Scan * ELISA

angiostrongy treatment

No antihelminthic treatment is recommended * Usually self-limiting ; administration of antihelminths not necessary * Killing worms found in the brain would cause greater inflammatory reaction * Management: * Symptomatic treatment with analgesics * Frequent removal of about 10mL spinal fluid at intervals relieves headaches (invasive) * Thiabendazole, Medendazole, Albendazole, Ivermectin (effective in experimental animals)

Angiostrongylus cantonensis prevention

Proper eating habits * Safe food preparation * Elimination of IH * Washing of leafy vegetables

____________are nematode parasites of whales, dolphins, porpoises, walruses, seals, sea lions, and other deep marine mammals

anisakis

milky white in color * measuring 19 to 36 mm in length * long stomach, and a blunt tail with mucron, and are referred to as Type I larvae.

anisakis - 3rd stage larva

Anisakis 1. __________: hemorrhage and inflammation, severe abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting 2.________________ 3. ______________

Gastric pathology intestinal pathology allergic reaction

diagnosis for anisakis

1. recent history of eating raw or improperly cooked fish or squid 2. gastroscopic/endoscopic examination 3. Serological test - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and radioallergosorbent test (RAST).

trr=eatment for anisakis

Treatment 1. The main approach is to mechanically remove the larva using endoscopic forceps. 2. Corticosteroids 3. Albendazole

what is the epidemiology in anisakis

In Asia, the majority of reports have come from Japan and Korea.

control and prevention for anisakis

marine fish, squid, and shellfish must be thoroughly cooked prior to consumption. * For raw or undercooked preparations, fish and shellfish must undergo blast freezing at – 35°C for at least 15 hours. * Freezing at –20°C for 7 days has also been found to be effective.

disease of toxo cara

toxocariasis

toxocara third stage larva

3rd Stage Larvae: straight esophagus extending about a third of the body length

In toxocara measure approximately 4—6 cm long (______) and 6—10 cm long (_________).

males and females

Like all ascarids, ________ have three “lips” on the anterior end of the worm.

toxocara

They also possess large, spearshaped cervical alae, which are broader in ____________

T. vati T. cani

__________ with striations, characteristic of T. cati.

broad alae

are golden in color, spherical to slightly pear shaped, thick-shelled, and have a pitted surface. The size range for different species varies slightly; T. canis is slightly larger (80—85 µm) than T. cati (65—75 µm).

toxocara eggs

TOxocara life cycle Infective Stage - ? Intermediate host - ? Definitive host - ? Accidental host -? Paratenic host Diagnostic Stage - ?

result of migration and subsequent death of the larvae in the different tissues and organs, producing an intense inflammatory response manifested as eosinophilic granulomas

Visceral Larva Migrants (VLM)

expressed with signs and symptoms manifested in the eyes, and occurs usually in children _________ years old

Ocular Larva Migrants (VLM) 5-10 years old

Larvae may migrate to the brain, meninges, and may be found present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Neurological Toxocariasis

give me the diagnosis of Toxocara

1. Definitive diagnosis of toxocariasis is based on the detection of larvae from biopsy tissues, but this test is time-consuming and difficult to perform. 2. clinical and serologic tests: Commercial immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits

____________can be treated with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole

visceral toxocariasis

__________ is more difficult and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive damage to the eye

ocular toxocariasis

give me the treatment of toxocariasis

Treatment 1. Visceral toxocariasis can be treated with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole 2. Ocular toxocariasis is more difficult and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive damage to the eye

epidemiology of toxocara

Soil transmitted zoonosis with the infection more commonly found in children than adults * Cases are more frequently seen in children living in homes and in neighborhoods where dogs and puppies are not dewormed.

* Control and Prevention of toxocara

* control and capture of stray dogs and cats * cleaning up feces from soil and pavements * closing of potentially contaminated areas to animals and children * implementing strategic anthelminthic treatment of dogs and cats * hand washing

7 WORMS Flashcards

(73 cards)