Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY LEC > HEPATIC AND INTESTINAL FLUKE > Flashcards

HEPATIC AND INTESTINAL FLUKE Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the 5 hepatic flukes

A

Fasciola
Fasciola
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorcis
Opisthorcis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 5 hepatic flukes

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciola gigantica
Clonorchis sinensis
Opisthorcis felineus
Opisthorcis viverrini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fasciola ______ is bigger than fasciola hepatica

A

fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fasciola is called ________, adult worms are found in ____________

A

liver flukes
bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sheep liver fluke (SHEEPATICA)
tEmpErate liver fluke (too many letter E’s)

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Giant liver fluke
    Tropical liver fluke
A

Fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Unique feature of adult worms are presence of __________

A

Cephalic cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fasciola hepatica is smaller than __________ and it has a__________

A

fasciola gigantica
prominent shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cephalic cone , 2 shoulders converging margins, smaller in size

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Less prominent in shoulders, parallel margins, larger in size

A

fasciola gigantica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fasciola adult
* Intestine is ________
Testes are ___________
Ovary is __________
Vitellaria are _________

A

Fasciola adult
* Intestine is branched
* Testes are branched
Ovary is branched
* Vitellaria are extending up to posterior end
⚫ (+) Cephalic cone and shoulder (unique characteristic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unembryonated when laid in the biliary tract and are evacuated with the feces
Embryonates in water to later release miracidium

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Both are yellowish brown
* Both are ovoid
* Both operculated
* But this egg has thickened posterior end = _________

A

Paragonimus westermani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______and ______ ova are both found in the stool.

A

Paragonimus and Fasciola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______and ______ ova are both found in the stool.

A

Paragonimus and Fasciola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Both are yellowish brown
* Both are ovoid
* Both operculated
* But this egg has thickened posterior end = _________

A

Paragonimus westermani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1st and 2nd intermediate host of fasciola hepatica

A

Fasciola hepatics
1st Intermediate host: Snail of the Genus Lymnaea
2nd Intermediate host: Aquatic vegetations/ water plants
⚫ Ipomea obscura (kangkong)
⚫ Nasturtium officinale (water cress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated

A

fasciola hepatica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where can we get fasciola hepatica

A

dishes with raw water plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_________ from the intestine will migrate through the intestinal wall then into the _____________of the liver parenchyma/tissue then into the ______ then to the ________

A

Metacercaria
Glisson’s capsule
liver then bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fascioliasis
* Acute or invasive phase
* The acute phase is also referred to as the
(5)

A

Fascioliasis
* Acute or invasive phase
* The acute phase is also referred to as the
(1) migratory phase
(2) invasive phase,
(3) hepatic phase,
(4) parenchymal phase
(5) larval phase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Fascioliasis * Human ingest the __________ encysted in the raw water plant. * These Immature larval flukes migrate through the intestinal wall, the peritoneal cavity, the liver capsule, and hepatic tissue and, ultimately, to the bile ducts.
acute or invasive Fascioliasis metacercaria
21
Fascioliasis * Acute or invasive phase Triad:(3)
High fever - infection! * Hepatomegaly - inflammation of the liver * Marked eosinophilia - migrating parasites
22
_________- infection!
high fever
22
*___________- inflammation of the liver
hepatomegaly
23
_____________- migrating parasites
* Marked eosinophilia
23
Fascioliasis Chronic or latent phase Asymptomatic and corresponds to the period when the parasite has reached the ________ _____________________ * In some cases, the walls of bile duct may be eroded allowing the worms to re-enter the liver parenchyma and cause large abscess
bile duct * If severe, adult worm causes infection), inflammation and fibrosis obstruction
24
What are the three halzoun symptoms
Picking throat sensation coughing sneezing PCS
25
________________ is popular food presentation in lebanon and other countries of eastern mediterranean region
Raw ovine liver
26
Raw ovine liver is popular in what country ?
Lebanon
27
* Due to ingestion of infected liver where livers of sheep and goats are eaten raw
halzoun (pharyngeal fasciolliasis)
27
we can get halzoun symptoms from ?
ingestion of raw liver with infected larvae
28
* Adult worm temporary lodged in the pharyngeal mucosa causing edematous congestion of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, nasal fossae and Eustachean tube Dyspnea, dysphagia, deafness (eustachian tube), occasionally asphyxiation
halzoun
29
_________- infection!
high fever
29
________________ is popular food presentation in lebanon and other countries of eastern mediterranean region
Raw ovine liver
29
_________- infection!
high fever
30
____________ are infrequent but can occur in the peritoneal cavity, intestinal wall, lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and very rarely in other locations such as eye and brain. * VERY RARE!!
Ectopic infection
30
________________ is popular food presentation in lebanon and other countries of eastern mediterranean region
Raw ovine liver
30
large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated
fasciola hepatica
30
large ovoid, operculated, yellowis-brown, unembryonated
fasciola hepatica
30
____________ are infrequent but can occur in the peritoneal cavity, intestinal wall, lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and very rarely in other locations such as eye and brain. * VERY RARE!!
Ectopic infection
31
* High cases in countries which raises _______
cattles and water buffaloes fasciola gigantica
32
fasciola gigantica common name
giant liver fluke tropical liver fluke
33
Fasciola gigantica * NOTE: Everything in Fasciola gigantica is bigger than that of Fasciola hepatica EXCEPT for the ____________
shoulder
34
* Adult worm is larger Larger ventral sucker * More branched intestine Branches of ovary are longer and more numerous Highly branched testes * Larger eggs
Fasciola gigantica
35
Treatment and Prevention (fasciola gigantica) Treatment _____________ * Prevention ____________
Treatment and Prevention Treatment Triclabendazole is the drug of choice * Biothionol * Prevention Washing or cooking of vegetables * Boiling of drinking water Elimination of the snail hosts Chemotherapy
35
Clonorchis Intestine is ___________ * Testes are _______ Ovary is __________ Vittelaria is ____________
Clonorchis * Intestine is unbranched * Testes are branched Ovary is lobed * Vitellaria is only in the middle third of the body * Chinese liver fluke * 10-25mm long x 3-5mm wide
36
clonorchis sinensis common name is ________
chinese liver fluke
36
Opisthorchis Intestine is ____________ Testes are _________ Ovary is __________ Vitelaria are _____________
Opisthorchis * Intestine is unbranched * Testes are LOBED Ovary is LOBED * Vitelaria are only in the middle third of the body * 8-12mm long x 1.5-3mm wide
37
Basically Clonorchis and Opisthorchis share the same morphology EXCEPT for the _________
Testes
38
Opisthorchis viverrini is found in _________ and surrounding countries in Southeast Asia. It is called as __________
Thailand Southeast asian liver fluke
39
Opisthorchis felineus is found in _______, _______, _____ It is also known as _________ * Most common hosts are cats
Eastern Europe, Siberia, and the European Union Cat liver flukes
40
_________ are more deeply lobed
Testes of viverrini
41
Yellowish brown, broadly ovoid
clonorchis and ophistorcis
42
first intermediate host of clonorchis and opisthorcis
parafossarulus, bulinus bithynia
43
second intermediate host of clonorchis and opisthorcis
cyprinidae family of fresh water fish
44
clonorchis and opisthorchis have light infection it is asymptomatic but if symptomatic
Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis ⚫Light infection Asymptomatic If symptomatic Fatigue Weakness Altered appetite * Diarrhea * Weight loss Abdominal pain Enlargement of the liver
45
Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis Heavy infections ___________ by the adult worms If the worms enter the _______, it can result to ________ and ________
Bile duct obstruction gallbladder - cholecystisis and cholelithiasis (gallstone formation
46
Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis Chronic infection * Development of the parasite in the distal bile ducts provokes ____________ of the biliary epithelium * This can lead to ________ and ________
intense inflammatory and proliferative changes fibrosis of the liver and bile duct
47
Adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts and gallbladder
Cholangiocarcinoma
48
____________ and _______ have carcinogenic potentials; can initiate transformation of the bile duct epithelium
* Opisthorchis and Clonorchis
49
treatment and prevention for clonorchis and opisthorcis
praziquantel proper human waste disposal
50
Intestinal Flukes (6)
* fasciolopsis buski Echinostoma ilocanum * Artyfechinostomum malayanum * Heterophyes heterophyes Metagonimus yokogawai Gastrodiscoides hominis
51
Fasciolopsis adult Intestine is ________ Testes is ________ Ovary is ________ Vitellaria are __________ * No cephalic cone and shoulder
Fasciolopsis adult Intestine is unbranched Testes is branched Ovary is branched Vitellaria are up to posterior end * No cephalic cone and shoulder
52
Ventral sucker of _________ is bigger than fasciola
fasciolopsis
53
Yellowish brown * Operculated * Unembryonated * Indistinguishable from Fasciola egg * Both can be found in the stool
Fasciolopsis egg
54
fasciolopsis first intermediate host
segmentina or hippeutis
55
fasciolopsis second intermediate host
aquatic plants ipomea obscura (kangkong) trapa bicornis (water caltrops) elocharis tuberosa (water chestnut)
56
Pathology * Enteritis due to the attachment of the adults manifests abdominal discomfort due to ________, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. * Some patients will develop _________ * Severe infections may cause _______ and eventually leading to __________
ulcer formation anemia ileus intestinal obstruction
57
Fasciolopsis buski treatment and prevention
Praziquantel boiling
58
Echinostoma first intermediate host
gyraulus convexiusculus hippeutis umbilicalis
59
Echinostoma second intermediate host
pila luzonica vivipara angularis
60
First intermediate host of artyfechinostomum malayanum
Gyraulus convexiusculus
61
Second intermediate host of artyfechinostomum
pila scutata
62
* Operculated * Unembryonated Cannot be differentiated from the egg of Fasciola and Fasciolopsis
Echinostoma Egg
63
Echinostomiasis ________ and _________ In heavy infection inflammatory lesion occurs at the site of attachment and ulcers may develop * Anemia
Abdominal pain and diarrhea
64
Echinostoma treatment and prevention
praziquantel avoid eating raw snails
65
First intermediate host of heterophyes heterophyes
pirenella conica snail
66
second intermediate host
bolti and bouri fishes
67
* Ovoid Light brown in color Operculated with thickened rim Fully embryonated when laid * Similar to Clonorchis and Opisthorchis but Posterior protuberance is absent
Heterophyes Egg
68
H hyterophyes occurs in ____, _____, _____
Asia Egypt hawaii
69
M yokogawai occurs in
Balkan Far East Spain
70
The most common intestinal fluke
Metagonimu yokogawai
71
Commonly inabit the small intestine
Heterophyes heterophyes and metagonimus yokogawai

PARASITOLOGY LEC (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions