CESTODES Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Cestodes

tapeworms

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Trematodes

flukes

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Tape-like dorsoventrally flattened segmented bilaterally symmetrical

Endoparasites the - adults stages are found in the ___________of humans
Hermaphroditic or_____________

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Acoelomic - ___________
Alimentary tract (Digestive system) is __________

Body is covered by cuticle or tegument where the nutrient absorption and gas exchange takes place
* Also protects the worm from digestive enzymes

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What are the general body shape of a tapeworm

a. scolex
b. neck
c. strobila made up of proglottids

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Parts of a Cestode
The adult worm is divided into 3 distinct parts:

head
neck
strobila/proglottids

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_________________ may usually be provided with suckers and rostellum to attach for attachment to the intestinal wall

Head

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_____________ has actively dividing cells

neck

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_____________ the long segmented body consists of segments of

Strobila/Proglottids:

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Strobila

___________which immediately follow the neck region

the immature regions

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Strobila

_______________ containing both sex organs and are responsible for reproduction (testes and ovaries are prominent)

the mature segments

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Strobila

_____________ UTERUS filled with fertilized eggs.

the gravid segments

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_____________ is defined as one that does not have a fully mature reproductive system and is without eggs.

immature proglottids

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______________each have genital organs consisting of about ________ and a _______The gravid proglottids are found in the last fifth of the worm and also contain uterus, vitellaria and genital pore
uterus

Mature proglottids
testes
vagina

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_____________ uterus filled with eggs
contains

May or may not undergo apolysis

Gravid proglottids

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Cestodes: Tapeworms
Development of proglottids

New proglottids bud from the ______.
As they are pushed back, they ______ and ______ are produced.
When filled with eggs, they are “_______” proglottids. Eggs are sometime released in _________, but often are retained within the segment.

neck
mature and eggs
gravid
feces

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___________

Spatulate head with slit like grooves called ___________
Suctorial- groove (bothrium)
* Not provided with _________ and _______

Pseudophyllidean

bothria
suckers and rostellum

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Pseudophyllidean

OWU
Ovum is __________
With ___________
___________ ovum

operculated
posterior knob
unembryonated ovum

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Cyclophyllideans
__________ or __________ with suckers & rostellum
Ovum is ___________

Globular or cup shaped
nonoperculated

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pseudophyllideans have __________and midline __________

uterine pores
midline genital pores

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Release of eggs

Pseudophyllideans release their eggs via ___________
Cyclophyllideans discharge gravid proglottids to release eggs because they _______________

_______________is convoluted nonbranching tubes (rosette formation)

The uterus of Pseudophyllideans

______________have lateral branches

The uteri of cyclophyllidean

Diphyllobothrium latum

Definitive host:
Intermediate hosts:
1st (what stage is present?)
2nd (what stage is present?)
Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage:

Definitive host: humans
* Intermediate hosts:
1st (cpepods/cyclops)procercoid larva
* 2nd (freshwater/fish)plerocercoid larva
Diagnostic stage: unembryonated ovum
* Infective stage: plerocercoid larva
predatory fishes: paratenic hosts

two example of cope pods are ______ and ________

cyclops and diaptomus

example of diphyllobothrium latum

Pike, Burbot, Perch, Arctic Char, Salmon.

Diphyllobothrium latum: _________________

Plerocercoid larva

Diphyllobothrium latum Other names: _________ and _________ 2-4mm tall x 10-12mm wide

Fish tapeworm Broad tapeworm

___________ Adult worm is _________ in color ________ long (longest tapeworm) 10 m 32 ft __________ proglottids * __________ markings in the proglottids Can live from _______years

Diphyllobothrium latum yellowish 3-10 m long 3000-4000 dark central 5-10

________ Has slit like grooves called two______ _________/ suckers and rostellum

Scolex bothria no acetabula

Ovum Diagnostic stage * 58-76um by 40-51um * _______ Operculated ova with terminal knob at the__________

oval posterior end

Diphyllobothrium latum * Uterine pore middle, _________ ___________ is found on the ventral side or in the midline Copyright Scimnifier

discharge eggs genital pores

(Rosette Uterus in the midline)

Gravid proglottid

Pathogenesis * Some patients may not show signs of disease * Abdominal discomfort, loss of weight, malnutrition * Mechanical obstruction if there is large number of worms Competes with Vitamin B12 with the host * Vitamin B 12 deficiency (ileum) resulting to ___________

megaloblastic anemia

Vitamin B12 - (Cyano) Cobalamin Functions ____________ cell formation ____________ maintains myelin sheath around nerves Helps treat ____________ Deficiency Megaloblastic anaemia Nerve degeneration

Red blood Nervous system pernicious anaemia

Treatment and Prevention for diphyllobothrium latum

Treatment and Prevention Praziquantel * Scolex must be recovered to ensure full recovery * If scolex is not recovered, a repeat stool exam after 3 months of treatment should be requested to ensure that patient is no longer infected * All freshwater fishes should be thoroughly cooked Freezing for 24-48hrs at a temperature of -18 degree Celsius will kill the plerocercoid larvae Proper human waste disposal

Life cycle * Humans acquire sparganosis by either drinking water contaminated with infected copepods or consuming the flesh of an under-cooked second intermediate host. * Humans cannot serve as ___________ for Spirometra spp., but serve as ____________intermediate hosts

defintive host paratenic host or second intermediate host

_________ Signs and symptoms * Migrating ___________ cause various symptoms depending on the final location in the host. _________ may locate anywhere, including -__________

Sparganosis spargana subcutaneous tissue, muscles, breast, orbit, urinary tract, pleural cavity, lungs, abdominal viscera and the central nervous system

What are the different sparganosis example

cerebral sparganosis subcutaneous sparganosis ocular sparganosis

Treatment and Prevention for sparganosis Praziquantel Surgical removal of the sparganum

Boiling of water Cooking thoroughly the meat of second intermediate hosts Avoid applying poultice on inflamed areas of the skin Health education Proper human waste disposal

Dipylidium caninum Diagnostic stage: Infective stage: Definitive host: * Intermediate host:

Dipylidium caninum ___________ * Common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats Presence of bilateral genial pores * Di means 2, pylis means gate/entrance * Double pored tapeworm ______________ * _______ cm long with ______proglottids in the strobila

Dog tapeworm flea tapeworm 10-70 200 proglottids

Dipylidium caninum looks like a ________

pumpkin seed

Dipylidium caninum : ______ The ________ has ____ suckers and protusible rostellum with ________ rows of _____________ Suckers are ____________

scolex 1-7 rows rose thorn-shaped hooklets.

Dipylidium caninum : mature segment ___________ shaped proglottids with the presence of __________ 2 sets of _________ and reproductive system organs

pumpkin seed shape bilateral genital pores male

Dipylidium caninum have _____________

gravid proglottids

Dipylidium caninum ova packets of ________ eggs enclosed in a capsule with_____________ Six-Hooked Onconosphere Size Range of Each Egg: _______ um in diameter

8-15 eggs hexacanth embryo 30-60

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations Light infections - ___________ Heavy infections __________ Acquired through the ingestion of flea ____________

asymptomatics IEDA * Intestinal discomfort, epigastric pain, diarrhea * Allergic reactions CCP Ctenocephalides canis * Ctenophalides felis Pulex irritans

Dipylidium caninum: intermediate host Ctenocephalides canis ___________ Ctenocephalides felis ____________

dog flea cat flea

Dipylidium caninum * The __________- are ______ when freshly passed and may be mistaken for maggots or fly larvae. * The ___________, which are capable of moving several inches per hour, either creep out of the anus or are passed intact in the feces and release typical egg packets.

proglottids- motile gravid proglottids

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention for dipylidium caninum

Stool sample Recovery of gravid proglottids or eggs Praziquantel Deworming of dogs and cats * Insecticides Health education

Cestodes *____________ (flame cells and collecting ducts) are present for excretion of waste products * ___________ and __________ are for the sensation * The main nerve centre of a cestode is a ____________ Nerves emanate from the ganglion to supply the general body muscular and sensory endings, with two lateral nerve cords running the length of the strobila.

protonephridia nerve ganglion and collecting ducts cerebral ganglion in its scolex