7.0-7.6 Quiz

Question 1

cells obtain energy and later ___

Answer 1

convert energy

Question 2

what is radiant energy?

Answer 2

the ultimate source of energy for live organisms to capture the sun’s energy and covert it into chemical energy

Question 3

what is matter?

Answer 3

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 4

what is energy?

Answer 4

the capacity to do work (change in state or motion of matter)

Question 5

what are units of work?

Answer 5

kilojoules, kJ

Question 6

what are units of heat energy?

Answer 6

kilocalories, kcal

Question 7

1 kcal=

Answer 7

4.184 kJ

Question 8

what is thermodynamics?

Answer 8

heat and temperature and its relation to energy and work, governs all activities in the universe

Question 9

what is mass technically?

Answer 9

energy, E= mc^2

Question 10

what is potential energy?

Answer 10

capacity to do work as a result of position or state (the set up)

Question 11

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 11

energy of motion is used, work is performed (the action itself)

Question 12

what are energy transformations?

Answer 12

a series of transformations that occur as kinetic energy is converted to potential energy or vice versa

Question 13

what is chemical energy?

Answer 13

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 14

are biological systems opened or closed?

Answer 14

opened (constantly exchanging materials with the environment), the universe is closed

Question 15

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 15

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted (the energy of any system plus its surroundings is constant)

Question 16

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 16

when energy conversion occurs, some usable energy is lost in the form of heat

Question 17

what is heat?

Answer 17

the kinetic energy of randomly moving particles, “disorganized energy” that is less usable (usable energy in the universe decreases overtime)

Question 18

what is entropy?

Answer 18

the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy, unusable energy in a system

Question 19

what is organized energy?

Answer 19

usable energy has a low entropy

Question 20

what is disorganized energy?

Answer 20

energy such as heat that has a high entropy

Question 21

what happened to total entropy over time?

Answer 21

it increases

Question 22

what does entropy stand for?

Answer 22

S, the quantitive measure of the increase in disorder that occurs during energy transformation

Question 23

what is enthalpy?

Answer 23

H, the total potential energy of a system (remains constant)

Question 24

equation that related enthalpy, entropy , and free energy

Answer 24

H=G+S

Question 25

what is free energy?

Answer 25

energy that is available to do cellular work (chemical runs have changes in free energy, deltaG)

Question 26

relationship between free energy (G) and entropy (S)

Answer 26

G is inversely related to S

Question 27

equation for the release of energy or required energy

Answer 27

deltaG= deltaH + TdeltaS

Question 28

relationship between total energy and entropy

Answer 28

total energy is constant but entropy always increases

Question 29

what is metabolism?

Answer 29

all chemical reactions taking place in an organism; intersecting chemical reactions

Question 30

what are two types of metabolism?

Answer 30

anabolism and catabolism

Question 31

what is anabolism?

Answer 31

pathways in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler substances (requires energy)

Question 32

what is catabolism?

Answer 32

pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones (releases energy)

Question 33

when does free energy decrease?

Answer 33

during exergonic reactions

Question 34

what is an exergonic reaction?

Answer 34

releases energy and is a "downhill" reactions, from high to low, deltaG is negative (requires a certain amount of activation energy)

Question 35

what is an endergonic reaction?

Answer 35

a reaction in which there is a gain of free energy, positive deltaG (requires an input of energy from the environment)

Question 36

relationship between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Answer 36

exergonic reactions provide energy for endergonic reactions

Question 37

what type of reaction is diffusion?

Answer 37

exergonic as particles move down their concentration gradient

Question 38

What are coupled reactions?

Answer 38

thermodynamically favorable exergonic reactions provide energy required to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable endergonic reaction (exergonic is coupled to exergonic)

Question 39

which reaction involves the breakdown of ATP

Answer 39

in living sells, exergonic relationships

Question 40

what is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 40

nucleotide consisting or adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

Question 41

the hydrolysis of ATP yields?

Answer 41

ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 42

how many ATP molecules per ADP molecules are in each cell?

Answer 42

10 ATP, the cell cannot large quantities of ATP