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lect 1 neuro (c) Flashcards

1
Q

Overall structural and functional relationships of the cerebral cortex

A

6

  • right and left hemispheres
  • gyri/sulci, lobes
  • sensory cortical areas (somatosensory, visual auditory)
  • motor cortex
  • verbal/non-verbal language functions, dominance
  • association cortex
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2
Q

dominant hemisphere

A

usually the left.

-opposite side of your dominant hand.

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3
Q

Frontal association cortex

A 
5 
Intelligence
Personality
Behavior
Mood
Cognitive function
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4
Q

Parietal association cortex

A 
spatial skills
3D recognition
(shapes
faces
concepts
abstract perception )
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5
Q

Temporary association cortex

A

Memory
Mood
Aggression
Intelligence

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6
Q

found in both temporary and frontal associated cortex

A

mood

intelligence

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7
Q

Non-dominant hemisphere

A

usually right

Non-verbal language
(body language)

Emotional expression (tone of language)

Spatial skills (3D)

conceptual understanding

Artistic/ Musical skills

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8
Q

Effects of injury

A

Loss of non-verbal language

speech - lacks emotion

spatial disorientation

inability to recognize familiar objects

loss of musical appreciation

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9
Q

___ produces several hormones

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

There are # types of connections between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. what are they?

In the # type and where are they released/absorbed into/to

The _______ carries these ____ directly to the ____ lobe of the _____, where they s___ or i___ _____ of _____ p___ H____.

A

2

Released into the capillary networks in the median eminence

bloodstream
hormones
anterior
pituitary
stimulate
inhibit secretions 
anterior pituitary hormones
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11
Q

The pituitary gland is located ___ to the hypothalamus

A

anterior (in front of )

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12
Q

What are the # hypothalamic hormones

A

1) secretory

2) inhibitory

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13
Q

What are the # hypothalamic hormones

A

1) releasing

2) inhibitory

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14
Q

What is the first type of hypothalamic connection with the pituitary.

______ hormones (____ and ___) are ___ into ____ ____ in the median eminence.

A

Hypothalamic hormones (secreting and inhibiting) are released into the bloodstream.

Hypothalamic
releasing
inhibiting
released
capillary networks
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15
Q

Which stage of the connection with the pituitary (below).

Axons ___ from the ___ and ___ nuclei through the __ into the ____ lobe of the pituitary.

The __ ___ of these neurons make _ or _ hormones ( ____ or ____ ). Their ___ transport the hormones to the ____ pituitary, where they are ____.

A

Second

extend
paraventricular
supraceptic
infundibular
posterior

cell bodies
oxytocin per..

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16
Q

old brain and new brain names

A 
old = archi cortex
new = neo cortex
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17
Q

olfactory responsible for

A

ability to smell

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18
Q

gyri vs sulci?

A

bumps vs valleys

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19
Q

why is the outer cerebral cortext smooth of a rat

A

surface area to tightly pack neurons into the space

20
Q

What area of the brain diminishes as animals evolve ( ape to human)

A

old brain/ archi cortex

21
Q

whats anterior to the central sulcus

A

precentral gyrus

22
Q

whats posterior to the central sulcus

A

postcentral gyrus

23
Q

what cortex has developed the most in humans compared to rodents?

A

frontal cortex

24
Q

What does the frontal cortex comprise of ?

A

only pre central no post central gyrus

superior, median, inferior frontal gyrus

25
Q

borders of the parieto-occipital suclus?

A

occipital notch to the parito

26
Q

what are the two anterior and posterior poles/lobes of the brain

A

anterior - frontal pole

posterior - occipital pole

27
Q

temporal lobe comprised of # units. what are they?

A

superior
median
inferior temporal gyrus

28
Q

parietal lobe comprises of

A

post central gyrus

29
Q

apex of brain =

A

top

30
Q

what gives rise to temporal lobe

A

lateral fissure

31
Q

what gives rise to the frontal lobe

A

central sulcus

32
Q

forebrain vs midbrain vs hindbrain from a medial view

A

Forebrain (large chunky bit)
goes around from frontal cortex to occipital lobe (doesn’t include cerebellum, pons, medulla).

Midbrain (small segment between hind brain and forebrain)

Hind brain (comprises of the medulla, pons, cerebellum)

33
Q

corpus callosum has a large bundle of ___ matter. what does it do?

A

white

carres information from right to left

34
Q

from medial view of the brain. The hind brain is seen as ___ to the forebrain.

A

inferior (below)

35
Q

area of the primary motor cortex/strip? and function?

A

precentral gyrus
large cells.
To house large cells that will project from the motor cortex down into the spinal cord to then link up with another cell and that cell will take information out to the peripheral muscle.

36
Q

homonculus definition

A

“body map”

representation of the entire body in the ….

37
Q

what areas create a homonculus?

A

primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)

38
Q

homonculus surface area divided based on sensitivity/ most dexterity.
Meaning, areas that such as hands, and face are where most of ____ are localised.

A

neurons

39
Q

premotor cortex aka ____

responsible for ___

A

planning cortex

planning what movements need to be made

40
Q

what does SMAGLA stand for?

A

Super
marginal
angular gyrus
language area

41
Q

eye area ?

A

in the precentral gyrus

42
Q

Broca’s area function?

A

plans movement of speech to bring about smooth vocalisation

43
Q

whats the order of speech?

A 
Brocas area (plan movement of speech) then informs>
primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus (activates the nerves of the body that are required to make those sounds )
44
Q

whats the anterior most part of the frontal cortex (in front of the planning cortex)

A

frontal association cortex

45
Q

what is the frontal association cortex involved with?

A 
intelligence
personality
behaviour
mood
cognitive function

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