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lec 6 cardio Flashcards

1
Q

heart has # muscular pumps, what are they?

A

2
left and right
each contain an atrium and ventricle

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2
Q

the cardiovascular system pumps ___ liters of blood a day

A

7000

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3
Q

systenatic heart circuit overview.

A

Left atrium > high pressure systemic arteries > capillaries > blood collects in the capillary beds then in the > low pressure veins > right atrium> right ventricle>

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4
Q

___ pump supplies the pulmonary circuit

A

right (right atrium and ventricle)

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5
Q

pulomary blood system overview.

A

right atrium > right ventricle > lungs > left atrium > left ventricle

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6
Q

Blood volume ratio ( in percentages) :

___pulmonary circuit to ____ systemic circuit to ____ inside the heart

A

%

9 : 84 : 7

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7
Q

___ of the blood in the systemic circuit resides in the __

A

3/4

systemic veins

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8
Q

Even when the heart ejects blood there is always around ___ % of the total blood volume in it

A

7

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9
Q

typical total volume of blood in the body of an average person ?

A

5 L

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10
Q

output of one pump = __ liters per __ at rest

A

5 minute

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11
Q

when exercising the out put of the pump increases by __ times that of the resting output

A

4

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12
Q

Resistance through the systemic circuit?

A

high therfore left ventricle = high pressure

high resistance = more pressure in left ventricle > has to pump harder

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13
Q

pulmonary circuit vs systemic circuit reistance comparison

A 
pul = median resistance
syste = high resistance
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14
Q

pulmonary circuit pressure?

A

median resistance > median pressure in the ??

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15
Q

Lungs ___ blood

A

oxygenate blood

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16
Q

whats route/ system oxygenated blood takes (starting from the lungs) ?

A

oxygenated blood > (via pulmonary veins)
> left atrium
>left ventricle>(pumps the blood under high pressure)
>arteries
>systemic veins> (as it flows through capillaries, due to conc diff, oxygen give up to cells and co2 + other things absorbed
>

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17
Q

bicuscpid =

A

mitral valve

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18
Q

_cuspid = mitral

A

bi

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19
Q

right valve

A

mitral

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20
Q

auricle

A

increases capacity of the atrium

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21
Q

valves made

A

fibrous connective tissue

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22
Q

valves crossection flps ____ring

A

fibrous

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23
Q

valves cross-sectional ring made of

A

fibrous ct

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24
Q

Arteries high or low pressure

A

High

Take blood from heart to the rest of the body

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25
Q

Capillary beds are found in ___

A

Organs
Eg
Brain
Limbs

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26
Q

Veins high or low pressure

A

Low

Collects deoxygenated blood from the body and transports them to the right atrium

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27
Q

Pulmonary circuit overview

A

Right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium

28
Q

Which is bigger pulmonary or systemic circuit

A

Systemic

29
Q

What drives blood

A

High pressure

30
Q 
Which system has :
medium resistance 
High resistance
High pressure
Medium pressure
A

Pulmonary
Systemic
Systemic
Pulmonary

31
Q

Pulmonary veinscontain …. blood

A

Oxygenated

32
Q

Carbon dioxide

Waste products etc. collected in the ?

A

Venous system

33
Q

Capillaries are high/low resistance

A

High

34
Q

Hepatic Portal veins carry whAt from where to where

A

Deoxygenated blood

Gut to liver

35
Q

Hepatic artery function

From where to where

A

Provide oxygenated blood from left ventricle to liver

36
Q

Which organ(s) have a dual blood supply and from where?

A

Liver

1) gut to liver - deoxygenated (hepatic portal vein)
2) left ventricle to liver - oxygenated blood ( hepatic arteries)

37
Q

The hepatic portal vein goes to the

A

Liver

38
Q

In which phase does the blood move into the lower pressure chamber.

A

Filling phase

39
Q

Vol in chamber increases = pressure …… therefore blood moves

A

Decreases

Into the chamber to compensate for the loss of pressure

40
Q

What stops the blood from going out of the artery and backflow of blood into the chamber

A

Outlet valve

41
Q

filling phase is ___ as it relies on the ___

relaxing outwards

A

passive

elastic recoil of the chamber

42
Q

pressure in the vein outside the ventricle is higher than the pressure in the ventricle when it is in the ____ phase

A

filling (relaxed)

43
Q

when ventricle contacts, volume ____ and pressure

A

decreases

increases

44
Q

when the ventricle contracts the blood will want to go into the ___ becuase it is ___ hence why there are ___ to prevent ___
This results in ____ phase where the ____ valves get pushed up against the ___

A 
veins and arteries
low pressure
inlet valves
blood from going back to the veins
ejection 
arterial 
walls of the artery
45
Q

valves are ___ stuctures

A

passive

46
Q

A chamber requires # things what are they?

A

3
a chamber that can change its volume
inlet valve - to make sure the blood is ejected correctly in the right direction
outlet valve - to prevent the back flow of blood into veins

47
Q

ejection phase is ____

A

active as energy is required for contraction

48
Q

What determines how efficient the pump is ?

A

how fast the venticle fills- filling hard since filling from low to high pressure
how fast the blood can get ejected- uses energy to force blood out

49
Q

the ____ aka (____) allows blood to pull outside the inlet valve so that when the ____ is ____ the blood can easily enter the chamber

A

atrium receiving chamber
ventricle
relaxed

50
Q

inlet and outlet valves on the same side of the ventricle _____ of the pump since there are more _____ to ____

A

increases efficiency
muscular walls
pump the blood out

51
Q

appendage of atrium (____) is an ____ of the ____

A

auricle
extension
atrium

52
Q

inlet valves are located___

A

in between the atria and ventricles

53
Q

outlet valves located ____

A

between ventricle and arteries

54
Q

no valves between veins and ___ therefore ___ is/are not very effective at ____

A

atria
atria
pumping blood

55
Q

____ will top up the ventricles

A

atria

56
Q

interventricular sulcus is ___ filled and is located ___

A

fat

between the left and right ventricles

57
Q

how many interventricular sulci and septums do we have

A

sulci = 2 (anterior and posterior)

1 interventricular septum

58
Q

right atrium ejects blood into ____ via ____

A

pulmonary trunk via pulmonary artery

59
Q

pulmonary ____ divides into # ____ called ___ that go on to ___ the ____

A 
trunk
2 arteries
left and right pulmonary arteries
supply
lungs
60
Q 
peak/max pressures of adolescents 
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium 
left atrium
A

27 mmHg
120 mmHg
5 mmHg
8mmHg

61
Q

peak pressure of ___ atrium higher than that of the ___ atrium due to ??

A

left
right
lower resistance of the pulmonary circuit of the right atr

62
Q

vena cava def

A

big cave

63
Q

___ don’t have inlet valves

A

atria

64
Q

inlet valves aka ____ are made up of ___ (be specific)

A

ventricular inlet valves (go into ventricle)
2 or 3 flat flaps of fibrous connective tissue
The free edge of the flap is tethered by tendinious cords which prevent it from bursting upwards into the atrium during systole.

65
Q

what prevents the flap of inlet valves from bursting upwards into the atrium during ___

A

systole

tendinious chords

66
Q

What are the ventricular inlet valves called and location?

A

bicuspid (mitral valve) - left ventricle opening

tricuspid valve - right ventricle opening

. (15 decks)

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