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. > Autonomic And Endo 1/2 > Flashcards

Autonomic And Endo 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous and endocrine systems function in a _____ to achieve and maintain _____

A

Coordinated manner

Stability of the internal environment Aka homeostasis

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2
Q

Both auto and endo perform their functions by means of ___

A

Chemical messengers sent to specific cells

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3
Q

CNS main components:

PNS main components:

A

CNS
brain
spinal cord

PNS
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia
peripheral nerves
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4
Q

fine nerve fibers going in to the body, examples ___

A 
into head = cranial nerves
below head (down side)  = spinal nerves
rest of the body (fine nerves) = peripheral nerves
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5
Q

switching stations of nerves ______

A

ganglia

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6
Q

nerves that radiate out from the ___ is from the ____

A

CNS

PNS

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7
Q

bring information into PNS >CNS (brain and spinal chord)

take infor out of CNS>PNS

A

sensory (afferent) neurons

motor (efferent) neurons

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8
Q

efferent aka

afferent aka

A

motor

sensory

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9
Q

types of neurons, what are they?

A

2
sensory (afferent) neurons
motor (efferent) neurons

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10
Q

what type of neurons involved?

PNS > CNS

A

sensory (afferent)

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11
Q

what types of neurons involved?

CNS>PNS

A

motor (efferent)

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12
Q

categories of motor neurons. what are they?

A

2
somatic (voluntary)
autonomic (involuntary)

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13
Q

somatic ____ > ______

A

(voluntary)

skeletal muscle

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14
Q

autonomic ____ > _____ or ______

examples ___

A

(involuntary)
2 categories (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

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15
Q

speaking, walking, singing examples of _____

A

voluntary motor neurons

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16
Q

heart pumping, example of ____

A

involuntary motor neurons

17
Q

cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle which motor neuron?

A

cardiac muscle = autonomic (involuntary)

skeletal muscle = sensory (voluntary)

18
Q

neuron components with brief descriptions/comparisons

A 
dendrites (spikey head)
cell body (spikey head + nucleus)
myelin sheath
axon (tail)
axon terminals (branching out of the tail)
19
Q

____ are cytoplasmic processes

A

dendrites

20
Q

____ are extended cytoplasmic processes

A

axon

21
Q

all/most/some/none axons have myelin sheaths

A

some

22
Q

cross-section of myelinated sheath components? order from median to proximal (in to out)

A

axon (middle blob) inside myelin sheath
myelin sheath wrapped around axon, is inside the schwann cell
schwann cell (entire cell)

23
Q

myelin = ____

A

protein

forms an insulating sheath in schwann cells to slightly increase the speed at which the electrochemical signal passes

24
Q

unmyelinated cells neurons are associated with ___

A 
schwann cells (similar to myelinated neurons) but without the myelin wrapping around it.
multiple axons around the nucleus of the schwann cell
25
Q

signals are transmitted from and to the ____

A

axon termini
nerve to nerve
or
nerve to gland

26
Q

Nerve synapses.

whats close to the axon terminal bulb

A

axon terminal bulb in close contact with what its about to exchange/transmitt impulses to

27
Q

synapse/nerve synapse def?

A

small gap between what conducts the nerve impulse and what receives it (pre and post synaptic neurons and the synaptic cleft if present)

28
Q

presynaptic nerve/neuron def

A

axon bringing in the information

29
Q

the neuron/nerve taking in information and passing it on ?

A

postsynaptic neuron/nerve

30
Q

between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

A

synaptic cleft

31
Q

synapse vs synaptic cleft?

A

synapse
presynaptic ending
postsynaptic ending
these may or may not be divided by a synaptic cleft

synpatic cleft
simply the fluid-filled space between the pre and post synaptic neurons

32
Q

nerve impulse transmission?

A

pre > post

33
Q

nerve synapse overview

A

1) electrochemical signal- voltage change (nerve impulse) travels down presynaptic neuron, causes changes in protein structure of the bulb, such as voltage gated Ca2+ channel
2) Ca2+ channel opens (due to change in voltage)
3) opened channel allows calcium to flood in to the bulb from surrounding tissues
4) calcium causes the vesicles inside the bulb to fuse with the

34
Q

Influx of ___ when ___ hits the bulb

A

calcium ions

electrochemical signal

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