Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Posterior Abdominal Wall formed by

Answer 1

bones (lumbar vertebrate, sacrum, wings of ilium and ribs)

muscles (diaphragm, iliacus, psoas major, QL)

Question 2

Pelvis

Answer 2

pelvic girdle is made up of the sacrum and two os coxae (hip bones) fused by the pubic symphysis

Question 3

Three elements of the os coxae

Answer 3

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 4

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 4

psoas major and minor, iliacus and quadrates lumborum.

Question 5

Lumbosacral Plexus

Answer 5

Lumbar plexus is from L1,2,3, and part of L4

Sacral Plexus from L4-S1

Question 6

Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus

Answer 6

Iliohypogastric L1
Ilioinguinal L1
Genitofemoral L1 L2
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous L2, L3
Femoral L2 L3 L4
Obturator L2 L3 L4

Question 7

Lumbosacral Trunk

Answer 7

ventral primary ramus of L4 joins ventral primary ramus of L5. Then joins S1-4 to form the sacral plexus.

Question 8

nerves of the Sacral plexus

Answer 8

Superior gluteal L4 L5 S1
inferior  gluteal L5 S1 S2
Sciatic L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
Pudendal S2 S3 S4
Twigs to the piriformis S1-S4
 Nerve to obturator internus L5-S2
Nerve to quadrates femoris L4-S1

Question 9

Arterial and venous supply

Answer 9

descending thoracic aorta enters the thoracic cavity through the diaphragm and becomes the abdominal aorta.

Question 10

The abdominal aorta divides at what vertebral level into the what

Answer 10

at the L4 and into the right and left common iliac artery

Question 11

The common iliac arteries divide into the what

Answer 11

the internal and external iliac arteries.

Question 12

What does the internal iliac supply

Answer 12

the viscera of the pelvic cavity

Question 13

what does the external iliac supply and describe it. What does the name change to when it passes what point

Answer 13

passes under inguinal ligament and enters the anterior compartment of the thigh. Changes name to femoral nerve when it passes under the inguinal ligament.

Question 14

Inferior epigastric artery

Answer 14

from the external iliac artery before it enters the anterior thigh compartment. Supplies the inferior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 15

IVC. Arises from what union at what vertebral level

Answer 15

largest vein. Returns blood from both lower extremities anterior abdominal wall and abdominal pelvic viscera. Arises from L5 from the union of the common iliac veins.

Question 16

The IVC ascends through the _____ in the____ and continues to the heart

Answer 16

vena cava foramen, and diaphragm.

Question 17

Diaphragm separates what

Answer 17

the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

Question 18

Central tendon

Answer 18

the shape of the boomerang where peripheral muscles insert

Question 19

Peripheral muscle portion of the diaphragm

Answer 19

the sterna portion (from eh diploid press and inserting into the central tendon)
costal portion (from the internal surface of he lower six ribs and costal cartilages and lateral and medial arcuate ligaments)
Lumbar portions (from lumbar vertebrate. Right crus from L1-3 and the left crus from L1 and L2)

Question 20

Diaphragm openings

Answer 20

sternocostal hiatus for superior epigastric vessels and lymphatics)
Foramen for IVC (IVC and right phrenic nerve)
Esophageal hiatus (for esophagus and vagal trunks)
Aortic hiatus (for aorta anad thoracic ducts)

Question 21

Sympathetic trunk passes ____ to the medical arcuate ligament

Answer 21

posteriorly