Study frågor 4 Cognetiv Flashcards
What is cognition according to cognitive theory?
Its the way you interpret the environment and your experiences how you see things.
People can see a glas half empty or half full, the differences is how they interpret what they see. cognition focus on metal processes = how people think, remember, learn, solve problems, direct the attention on different things
Explain banduras observational learning/ modelling.
The teori is about how new behaviour can be acquired in the absences of reinforcement.
Observational learning is when you learn a new behaviour without being directly rewarded or punished for the behaviour. You learn this behaviour by watching others do it , that is way its also called modelling.
Four conditions are essential for learning in banduras observational learning/ modelling which?
it’s a bandura observation learning that involves a active cognitive process with four components.
- Attention = for a behaviour to be imitated it has to grab our attention and notice it
- Retention = how well the behaviour is remembered
- Motor reproduction = our ability to imitate that behaviour,
- Motivation = the will to preform the behaviour.
what is self efficacy according to bandura?
Self efficacy is a expectancy a belief about how competent you will be in a situation. Positive self efficacy is the belief that you will mange that situation, a low or non existing self efficacy will result in that the person will not even try in the situation
Why is human agency good for people and how does it work?
its when a person can excises control over there actions and internal thoughts process and motivations. Which means that you are able to affect the outcome of your behaviour to a desired goal. There are four key element for this,
Intentionality = you form intentions and method to reach the goal
forethought, = you envision the future so you guide your current actions to the goal
self-reactiveness= you then regulate and motivate yourself to execute the plan to reach the goal
self-reflectiveness = and the you reflect over you actions and the goal and where in the process you are now to reach the goal and the you you refine the plan to reach the goal.
Describe information process during modelling, according to Bandura. How does it work and what factors influence the learning
There are a lot of factors that influences the likelihood that a behaviour will be modelled such as
- the similarities of the observer and the person making the behaviour
like age, gender, status, competence power.
- . Is the behaviour simple or complex?
- . Is the behaviour admired or desired, that will mean its more likely be modelled.
According to Beck, what is the differences between
feeling well and psychological problems?
difference is faulty information processing
the information that is processes is not necessarily truthful and that leads to errors in the interpretation
tex: Beck stats that violent people may perceive other as having hostile intentions. That for example psychopaths have at deficits in processing of both social and cognitive task
What differences are there between an automatic or a reflecting processing system
The automatic processing system is the primary system its triggered by events that signals personal threats, gains or losses. Its likely to produce errors
The reflecting processing system is the secondary. Its more slow then the primarily, more resources demanding the the primary and its more controlled, it interprets the information more objective and refined, and it’s driven by cognitiv structures ( schemas)
Describe a schema according to Beck
schema is a structure for screening coding and evaluating incoming stimuli. Its breaks down the environment and categorize it and interpret the experience.
Schema has three levels of consciousness which?
Core beliefs
Assumptions
Automatic thoughts
Describe a Core beliefs according to Beck
unconditional beliefs that serves as a bias for screening, categorizing and interpreting experiences
Describe a Assumptions according to Beck
conditional beliefs that shapes ones response to experiences and situations.
Describe a Automatic thoughts according to Beck
it’s the thoughts that flow through your mind for exempel you do something and it doesn’t turn out the way you wanted and the automatic thought would be omg I fuck up.
How does a schema activate
Activation of schemas are done by internal or external stimulus situations. Every new experience develops further a already existing schema or creates a new schema
What is a cognitive trap (Cognitive distortions)
Cognitive trap/ distortions is irrational or exaggerated thoughts that cases psychological problems to become worse. This kind of thinking strengthen negative schemas
