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MKSAP KEY POINTS > GIM - KPs > Flashcards

GIM - KPs Flashcards

1
Q

Study that determines prevalence of disease?

A

Cross-sectional study

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2
Q

Study that Compares past exposures in patients with and without disease

A

Case-control study

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3
Q

Absolute risk reduction?

A

(a/(a+b)) - (c/(c+d))

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4
Q

Relative Risk

Reliative RIsk reduction?

A

(a/(a+b))/(c/(c+d))

1-RR

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5
Q

biennial screening mammography for which women?

PAP?

A

50-74

21-65

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6
Q

Influenza vaccine without eggs? Caveat?

Influenza vaccine for immunosuppresed and pregnant women?

A

Recombinant infelunza vaccine (only 18+)

Inactivated influenza vaccine

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7
Q

All flu vaccines should be avoided if?

A

All vaccine formulations should be avoided in persons who previously developed Guillain-Barré syndrome within 6 weeks of receiving the influenza vaccine.

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8
Q

Who gets inactivated (recombinant) herpes zoster vaccine?

A

Everyone 50+ (regardless if they have had prior zoster)

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9
Q

Purpose of the Lean Model?

A

eliminate waste

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10
Q

Purpose of Six Sigma?

A

reduce cost, variation, or defects

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11
Q

Peripheral v Central Vertigo:

Latency? Duration? Severity? Fatigability (decreased intensity with repeated maneuvers)? Direction of nystagmus?

A 
2-40s v no latency
<1 min v >1 min
Severe v less severe
yes v no
upbeat + torsional with some horizontal v may be purely vertical or horizontal
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12
Q

Labyrinthitis?

A

Vestibular neuronitis + hearing loss

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13
Q

Meniere tirad?

A

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

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14
Q

Perilymphatic fistula?

A

vertigo and hearing loss with history of straining or trauma

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15
Q

Test not necessary in peripheal vertigo?

Test for central vertigo?

A

Neuoimaging

MRI (not CT)

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16
Q

ertebrobasilar stroke as a cause of vertigo is usually accompanied by?

A

ysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, weakness, or numbness

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17
Q

initial treatment of insomnia?

A

CBT (sleep hygene, beharioal interventions)

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18
Q

initial treatment for patients with acute or subacute low back pain?

A

superficial heat, massage, acupuncture, or spinal manipulation

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19
Q

first-line pharmacotherapy for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain?

A

NSAIDs

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20
Q

Surgery has been shown to have definite benefits only for patients with low back pain due to?

A
  • disk herniation causing persistent radiculopathy,
  • patients with painful spinal stenosis, and those with
  • cauda equina syndrome.
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21
Q

Rotator cuff disorders?

A

Rotator cuff tendinitis, rotator cuff tears, and subacromial bursitis

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22
Q

A positive painful arc test result suggests?

A

subacromial impingement syndrome due to subacromial bursitis or rotator cuff tendinitis.

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23
Q

When to do surgery for a rotator cuff tear?

A

Full thickness tear

partial tears who do not respond to conservative therapy

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24
Q

beneficial in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis?

A

Glucocorticoid injections into the glenohumeral joint

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25
Q

epicondylosis - imaging study?

A

None

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26
Q

Surgery in carpal tunnel syndrome is reserved for which patients?

A
  • intolerable pain,
  • have severe disease on nerve conduction testing
  • evidence of muscle wasting on examination.
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27
Q

medial-lateral grind tests on knee examination suggests?

A

Acute meniscal injury

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28
Q

prepatellar bursitis - treatment?

A

aspiration

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29
Q

For asymptomatic Non-Diabetics - when to start low-to-moderate statin therapy?

A

If no hx of atherosclerotic disease, 40 to 75 years with one ASCVD risk factor and a calculated 10-year ASCVD event risk of 10% or higher.

30
Q

when to start low dose aspirin?

A

Metabolic syndrome and 10-year CV risk of 10%

31
Q

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are contraindicated if? Can be used with caution if?

A

pt on nitrates;

pt on a-blockers

32
Q

First-line pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

a-blockers (-osin)

33
Q

5a-Reductase inhibitors are most effective in?

A

BPH with large prostates, severe symptoms, and elevated PSA

34
Q

Treatment of infectious epididymitis?

If pt is old or has anal sex?

A

ceftriaxone plus doxycycline

ceftriaxone and a fluoroquinolone

35
Q

initial imaging modalities for evaluating a palpable breast mass?

When is one preferred?

A

are mammography and ultrasonography;

ultrasonography is often preferred in women younger than age 35 years and pregnant women

36
Q

first-line short-term therapy for most women with moderate chronic pelvic pain?

A

NSAIDs

37
Q

Contraindications to oral combination estrogen-progestin contraceptives? (6)

A 
uncontrolled HTN
Breast cancer
Venous thromboembolism
Liver disease
Migraine with aura
Smoking >15 cigarettes/daily if over 35
38
Q

Two methods of emergency contraception? Effective until?

A

ver-the-counter levonorgestrel and prescription ulipristal

5 days after sex

39
Q

initial therapy for primary dysmenorrhea?

If symptoms do not resolved completely after initial therapy?

A

NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor

combined hormonal contraceptive therapy

40
Q

Do not measure these during perimenopause?

A

Hormones

41
Q

most effective treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms during menopause?

A

Systemic hormone therapy

42
Q

All women with an intact uterus who are treated with estrogen therapy must also receive?

A

progestin

43
Q

When does HRT increase risk of breast cancer and necessitate individualized risk assessment?

A

After 5 years

44
Q

Alternatives to hormone therapy for management of menopausal symptoms?

A

low-dose antidepressant agents and gabapentin

45
Q

three of four characteristics to diagnose BV?

A
  • pH > 4.5
  • positive whiff test
  • thin homogenous vaginal discharge
  • 20% clue cells on microscopy
46
Q

treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

intravaginal imidazole or fluconazole

47
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of Trichomonas?

Treatment?

A

Nucleic acid amplification

Single dose oral metronidazole

48
Q

Allergic conjunctivitis - treatent?

A

oral or topical antihistamines, artificial tears

49
Q

Episcleritis v scleritis?

A

Episcleritis is painless and involves no vision changes, whereas scleritis is painful and associated with visual impairment.

50
Q

Corneal abrasions are managed with?

Do not give?

A

topical antibiotic ointments and topical NSAIDs

Topical anesthetics or eye patches

51
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma presents with?

A

Bilateral peripheral visual loss

52
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma presents with?

A

severe eye pain, decreased visual acuiry, non-reactice pupul

53
Q

Progression to advanced dry age-related macular degeneration may be slowed with?

A

smoking cessation and the use of zinc or antioxidants

54
Q

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss requires?

A

MRI and urgernt referral to ophthomology

55
Q

f acute sinusitis, antibiotics are recommended only for those with?

A

3 to 4 days of severe symptoms (fever, purulent drainage, and facial pain), worsening of symptoms that were initially improving, or failure to improve after 10 days

56
Q

Allergic rhinitis - treat with (3)?

A

intranasal glucocorticoids, antihistamines, or cromolyn

57
Q

Antibiotics should be used to treat streptococcal pharyngitis only if?

A

+Rapid strep test or throat culture

58
Q

primary treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

CBT

59
Q

For smokers not ready to quit,- treatment?

A

Motivational interveiwing

60
Q

Most effective therapy for schizophrenia? Caveat?

A

Clozapine; CBC for agranulocytosis

61
Q

Drug that decreases fall risk?

A

vitamin D

62
Q

first-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence?

A

Pelvic floor muscle training

63
Q

first-line therapy for urge urinary incontinence?

A

Bladder training

64
Q

recommended for urge urinary incontinence when bladder training is unsuccessful?

A

Antimuscarinic medications

65
Q

Treatment for urinary incontinence if obese?

A

weight loss

66
Q

may enhance healing rates of pressure ulcers?

A

Air-fluidized beds and surgical or nonsurgical debridement

67
Q

Pt’s who do not require preoperative coronary evaluation?

A

major adverse cardiac event risk of <1% or with a functional capacity ≥4 metabolic equivalents

68
Q

Preoperative spirometry should be performed only for?

A

dyspnea or hypoxia of uncertain cause.

69
Q

In patients with coronary artery disease who are being treated with dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention, elective noncardiac surgery should be delayed how long?

A

30 days after bare metal stent implantation and optimally at least 6 months after drug-eluting stent implantation

70
Q

Insulin management of surgery day?

A

short-acting insulins should usually be withheld on the morning of surgery, and long-acting insulins should usually be continued at two thirds to 100% of the usual dose.

71
Q

Elective surgeries based on MELD?

A

Safe if MELD<8; not recommended if MELD>15

72
Q

Pain with flexion abduction and external rotation of the hip?

A

Sacroilieitis

MKSAP KEY POINTS (19 decks)

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