Renal Qs

Question 1

Balkan endemic nephropathy are at increased risk for ?

Answer 1

transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

Question 2

Diagnosis of thin glomerular basement membrane disease is usually based on?

Answer 2

ersistent hematuria, normal kidney function, and positive family history of hematuria without kidney failure.

Question 3

ALport Syndrome - AKA? Disorder of? Signs and Symptoms?

Answer 3

Hereditary nephritis; type IV collagen;

hearing loss and lenticonus (conical deformation of the lens), with proteinuria, hypertension, and kidney failure

Question 4

Drug-induced tubular toxicity (for example, with vancomycin) typically occurs after? Cells on urine sediment? CBC finding?

Answer 4

7-10 days

none

Eosinophillia

Question 5

Manage uric acid nephrolithiasis with?

Answer 5

Urine alkalinizaion

Question 6

Diuretics that lose potency in pateints with GFR<30?

Answer 6

thiazides

Question 7

new-onset diabetes after transplantation - provoking meds?

post-transplant meds that cause Dyslipidemia?

Answer 7

glucocorticoids, tacrolimus, sirolimus and everolimus

cyclosporine and mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus)

Question 8

most common presentation of IgA nephritis?

Classic presentation?

Difference in presentation from Infection-related GN? Difference in labs?

Answer 8

Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria

episodic gross hematuria following an upper respiratory tract infection

IgA neprhitis occurs simultanoues with infectious symtoms. IRGN occurs 7-10 days later
-IgAN has normal complement; C3 low in IRGN

Question 9

membranous glomerulopathy v other nephrotic syndromes?

Answer 9

higher VTE risk

Question 10

endothelial growth factor inhibitors? linked with this severe adverse effect?

Answer 10

bevacizumab and sunitinib

thrombotic microangiopathy,

Question 11

referral for transplant evaluation is indicated once the estimated glomerular filtration rate is below ?

Answer 11

20

Question 12

When is HTN not related to pregnancy state?

Answer 12

if before 20th week

Question 13

Urine pH in Type 2 RTA?

Answer 13

<5.5

Question 14

Bartter syndrome mimics the effect of?

Answer 14

a loop diuretic

Question 15

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is due to?

Answer 15

a shift of potassium into cells and is not associated with a metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

entertic hyperoxaluria is a sign of? Treat with?

Answer 16

IBD; cholestyramineto decrease intestinal oxalate absorption

Question 17

Evidence for a CHRONIC tubulointerstitial process?

Answer 17

subnephrotic proteinuria, bland urine sediment, and a kidney ultrasound showing atrophic kidneys

Question 18

D-lactic acidosis syptoms?

Answer 18

intermittent confusion, slurred speech, ataxia

Question 19

In women with preeclampsia without severe features, deliver at?

Answer 19

37 weeks

Question 20

Primary FSGS - kidney biopsy shows? treatment?

Secondary FSGS - kidney biopsy shows? treatment?

Answer 20

extensive foot process effacement; immunosupressive threapy

glomerular hypertrophy. with only mild foot process effacement; Weight loss and ACEi

Question 21

effective hypertensive treatment options for black patients?

Answer 21

Thiazides and CCBs

Question 22

Ethylene glycol intoxication - hallmarks? Stones?

Empiric therapy?

Answer 22

CNS depression, an increased anion gap, an osmolal gap, and kidney failure

Caldium oxalate

fluids, fomepizole, and bicarb if pH<7.3

Question 23

Patients with chronic kidney disease and normal calcium and phosphorus levels should be treated with? why?

Answer 23

Vit D to reduce elevated parathyroid hormone levels and prevent renal osteodystrophy.

Question 24

Bisphosphonates in CKD?

Answer 24

may actually worsen some types of bone disease observed in the setting of CKD, especially adynamic bone disease.

Question 25

Role of DEXA in CKD?

Answer 25

none

Question 26

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis secondary to thyrotoxicosis is characterized by?

Answer 26

generalized flaccid muscle weakness from a sudden intracellular potassium shift precipitated by strenuous exercise or a high carbohydrate meal.

Question 27

BP in Bartter syndrome?

Answer 27

normal (NOT elevated)

Question 28

For each 10 decrease in PCO2, serum bicarbonate falls how much in the acute setting? After a 1-2 days?

Answer 28

• 2

- 3-4

Question 29

reduces the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 29

Oral alkali therapy to maintain serum bicarbonate levels between 23 and 29

Question 30

the hallmark findings on urinalysis of interstitial nephritis?

Answer 30

sterile pyuria and leukocyte casts.

Question 31

RPGN is associated with what on UA?

Answer 31

hematuria and erythrocyte casts and variable proteinuria,

Question 32

preeclampsia can also be diagnosed in patients without proteinuria if?

Answer 32

HTN + one of the following:

1. PLT<100
2. Cr >1.1 or 2x baseline
3. 2x elevation in AST/ALT
4. Pulmonary edema
5. cerbral/visual symptoms

Question 33

A non-calcium–containing phosphate binder is preferred in which CKD patients? Names of meds?

Answer 33

Patients with calcifications of vessels;

sevelamer or lanthanum

Question 34

hemodialysis patients who require iron - how do you replete?

Answer 34

IV iron > PO iron for HD patients

Question 35

Primary MG is associated with the antibody? If negative, how does the workup change?

Answer 35

phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)

Evaluate for other causes of MG, including cancer

Question 36

Treatment for Calcium oxalate stones with:
Hypercalciuria?
hyperoxaluria?
Hypocitraturia?

Answer 36

Thiazides

Calcium + cholestyramine

Potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate (alkalize serum)

Question 37

Treatment of cystine stones?

Answer 37

Urine Alkalinization + captopril