Anesthetics

Question 1

Incomplete anesthetic; rapid onset and recovery
MAC >100

Drug?

Answer 1

Nitrous Oxide

Question 2

Anesthetic with very slow onset and recovery

MAC 0.16

Answer 2

Methoxyflurane

Question 3

Anaesthetic that is contraindicated in reactive airways due to risk for bronchoconstriction

Answer 3

Desflurane

Question 4

Facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition
Anesthesia for minor surgery and dental procedures, balanced anesthesia for major surgery
SE: Megaloblastic anemia, Euphoria
Drug with lowest potency (Highest MAC), least cardiotoxicity among inhalational anesthetic
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics

Drug, Class

Answer 4

Nitrous Oxide, GA (Inhalational)

Question 5

Facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Bronchospasm (pulmonary irritant)
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
LUNGS
Drug, Class

Answer 5

Desflurane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 6

Pungent Smelling Inhalational Anesthetic

Answer 6

Desflurane

Question 7

Facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Peripheral vasodilation, renal insufficiency from Compound A
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
KIDNEY
Drug, Class

Answer 7

Sevoflurane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 8

Sweet Smelling Inhalational Anesthetic

Answer 8

Sevoflurane

Question 9

Facilitate GABA-mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Catecholamine-induced arrhythmia, peripheral vasodilation, Coronary-Steal Syndrome
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
HEART
Drug, Class

Answer 9

Isoflurane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 10

Redistribution of blood flow from diseased to normal areas

Answer 10

Coronary Steal Syndrome

Question 11

Facilitate GABA mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Spike and wave activity, muscle twitching, breath-holding, renal insufficiency
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
Drug, Class

Answer 11

Enflurane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 12

Facilitate GABA mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Catecholamine induced arrhythmia, Myocardial depression, Postop hepatitis
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
Drug, Class

Answer 12

Halothane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 13

Alveolar concentration required to eliminate the response to a standardized painful stimulus in 50% of patients
Best measure of potency

Answer 13

Minimum Alveolar Concentration

Question 14

Facilitate GABA mediated inhibition
For GA
SE: Renal Insufficiency
Highest potency and lowest MAC (very slow onset and recovery)
Additive CNS depression with opioids and sedative-hypnotics
Drug, Class

Answer 14

Methoxyflurane, GA (Inhalational)

Question 15

Ultrashort acting barbiturate, IV anesthetic
Increases duration of Chloride channel opening
Drug for anesthesia induction, increased ICP
SE: higher likelihood of dependence than benzodiazepines
Additive CNS effects with ethanol
Potent indicer of CYP450

Drug?

Answer 15

Thiopental

Methohexital, Thiamylal

Question 16

Short acting benzodiazepine, IV anesthetic
Increases frequency of chloride channel opening
Drug for acute anxiety, anesthesia induction, preop sedation
SE: anterograde amnesia, unwanted daytime sedation, rebound insomnia/anxiety
Additive CNS depression with alcohol
Antidote is Flumenazil
Drug?

Answer 16

Midazolam

Brotizolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, Etizolam

Question 17

Blocks excitation by glutamate at NMDA receptors
Drug for dissociative amnesia
SE: HPN, increased ICP, Emergence delirium (can be pretreated with benzodiazepines)

Drug, Class?

Answer 17

Ketamine, GA (Intravenous)

Question 18

Modulates GABAa receptors containing Beta 3 subunits
Drug for GA especially in pxs with limited cardiac or respiratory reserve
SE: Adrenocortical suppression
Minimal effects on CV and Respi Fxns
No analgesic properties

Drug, Class?

Answer 18

Etomidate, GA (Intravenous)

Question 19

Interacts with Mu receptor and Kappa receptor for endogenous opioid peptides
Drug for GA
SE: Respiratory depression
Antidote is Naloxone

Drug?

Answer 19

Fentanyl

Question 20

10000x stronger than morphine

Answer 20

Fentanyl

Question 21

Blocks Na channels
For GA, Prolonged sedation, Pre-op sedation
SE: Bradycardia, hypotension
Milk of Amnesia
Additive Effect with Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
WOF: Airway, Dec in BP

Drug, Class?

Answer 21

Propofol, GA (Intravenous)

Fospropofol