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Pharmacology & Drugs > Antibiotic Mechanisms > Flashcards

Antibiotic Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • Penicilins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems
  • Monobactams
  • Glycopeptides
  • Lipoglycopeptides
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2
Q

How do Beta lactams differ from the glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides with regards to cell wall synthesis

A

Beta lactams inhibit transpeptidase, while the peptides bind to cell wall precursors and prevent cell wall cross linking and extension

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3
Q

What are the antibacterial that bind to the 50s Ribosome

A

Oxazolidinones
Macrolides
Ketolides
Streptogramins

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4
Q

What are the antibacterials that bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit

A

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Glycylcyclines

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5
Q

Which class of drug inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis

A

Floroquinolones

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6
Q

What are the mechanism of action in flouroquinolones

A

Inhibiting topoisomerase 2 and 4

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for penicilins

A

Binds to transpeptidase and prevents the crosslinking in the cell wall

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8
Q

What kind of activity do penicilins have on bacteria

A

Bactericide,but only when the bacteria are replicating

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9
Q

Which group of bacteria are most susceptible to penicillin G

A

Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative cocci
Nonbeta lactamase anaerobes

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10
Q

Which bacteria are susceptible to aminopenicillins

A

Gram negative bacteria

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11
Q

Which group of bacteria are susceptible to penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

Staphylcoccal species

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12
Q

What about penicillinase resistant penicillins make it effective against staphylococcal species

A

Resistant to their penicillinase

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13
Q

Which bacteria in general and which specifically are susceptible to antipseudomonal penicillins

A
  • Gram negative

- Pseudomonase aeruginosa

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14
Q

What is the only drug in the antipseudomonal penicillins clinically used

A

Piperacillin

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15
Q

Which drug is always cogiven with piperocilin

A

The betalactamase inhibator tazobactam

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16
Q

What is the antibacterial activity of beta lactamase inhibitaor

A

Very weak antibiotics,

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17
Q

Why are betalactamse inhibitors used

A

Paired with a beta lactam ringed antibiotic fo maximum effect

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18
Q

In general cephalosporins tend to work better on which trait in bacteria

A

Fast replicating

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19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the cephalosporins

A

Beta lactam ring that binds to the transpeptidase binding protein

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20
Q

What is the relation of stability against many beta lactamases when compared to penicillins

A

More stable than penicillins

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21
Q

Which bacteria are more susceptible to first generation cephalosporins

A

Gram positive cocci

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22
Q

How effective are first generation cephalosporins on MRSA

A

Not very effective

23
Q

What bacteria are susceptible to second generation cephalospoirins

A

Gram postive and some gram negative

24
Q

What bacteria producing lactamases are second generation cephalosporins resistant to

A

Gram negative rods

25
Q

What is the susceptibility of enterococci or P. Aeruginosa to second generation cephalosporins

A

Not susceptible

26
Q

What is a side effect of Cefoteten

A

Hypoprothrombinemia and excess bleeding

27
Q

Which bacteria are susceptible to third generation cephalosporins

A

Gram negative

28
Q

What is the only drug in the third generation cephalosporin able to kil Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

29
Q

What bacteria are susceptible to fourth generation cephalosporins

A

Enterobacter and Pseudomonas

30
Q

Which bacteria are susceptible to fifth generation cephalosporins

A

MRSA and pseudomonas

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action for carbapenems

A

Beta lactam ring that block the transpeptidase in cell wall building

32
Q

In the case of carbapenems, what mist be given with Imipenem

A

Renal dipeptidase inhibator Cell statin

33
Q

What are the general targets for carbapenems

A

Gram negative bacteria

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the monobactams

A

Monolytic beta lactam ring that inhibits gram negative transpeptidase

35
Q

What are the target for monobactams

A

Gram negative only

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action for glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides

A

Bind to the D-ala-D-ala peptides so they are unable to be used in the building of the cell wall

37
Q

Which bacteria tend to be more resistant to vancomycin

A

Gram negative bacilli and mycobacterium

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the oxazolidinones

A

Binds to the P site of the 50S ribosome subunit, causing the inability of the fMET tRNA complex from forming

39
Q

What are the targets for oxazolidinones

A

Gram positive

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Macrolides and ketolides

A

Binds to the P site on the 50S ribosome

41
Q

What is the mechanism of streptogramins

A

Work together by binding to the 50S ribosome, which prevents the elongation of the polypeptide chain

42
Q

What are streptogramins used to target

A

Gram positive cocci

43
Q

What bacteria are ineffected by streptogramins

A

Gram negative bacteria

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tetracycline and glycylcines

A

Binds to the 30S ribosomal unit and prevented tRNA from entering the A site

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action for aminoglycosides

A
  • Lock AUG with the other ribosome subunits
  • Immature stoppage of translation
  • Introduction of errors into protein synthesis
46
Q

What is the main target for aminoglycosides

A

Gram negative aerobic bacteria

47
Q

What is the mechanism of action for flouroquinolones

A

Binds to topoisomerase and causes DNA coiling

48
Q

Which bacteria are targeted by flouroquinolones

A

Gram negative bacteraia

49
Q

What is the mechanism of action for sulfonamides

A

Analog of PABA to competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

50
Q

What is the mechanism of action for trimethoprim

A

Potent and selective inhibator of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

51
Q

What is the mechanism of overall action for Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

A

Inhibition of bacteria ability to create folate and they work together

52
Q

What is the mechanism of action for polymyxin

A

Amphipathic, so is able to insert itself into the outermembrane of gram negative bacteria, along with LPS

53
Q

What is the target for polymixins

A

Gram negative aerobic bacteria

Pharmacology & Drugs (43 decks)

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