Renal-Dipsticks and Clearance Flashcards
The presence of “coffin lid” or triple phosphate crystals known as struvite are indicative of what
Infections with an ammonia producing organism
What is the makeup of “envelope” crystals and which urine is it commonly seen in
Calcium oxalate crystals in acidity urine
What is the makeup of “football” crystals and which urine is it commonly seen in
Uric acid seen in acidic urine
What is the makeup of “hexagon” crystals and which urine is it commonly seen in
Cristine crystals
What is the makeup of “fine delicate needle” crystals and which urine is it commonly seen in
Tyrosine crystals in acidic urine
If the patient’s urine was basic (>5.5), with a positive urine anion gap, with hyperkalemia, what is the defect
-Generalized tubular defect or urethral obstruction
What is the mechanism that type 4 RTA can cause metabolic acidosis
Pseudohypoaldosterone
-Leads to decreased reabsorption of sodium, and decreased excretion of potassium. This causes the decreased production of ammonium, which alkalyzes the urine
What type of stones would you expect with RTA type 1
Calcium oxaloate
Which conditions would you expect to see with RTA type 1
- Rickets in children
- Osteomalacia in adults
What is the anion gap for urine
Sodium and potassium minus chloride
What is the result when there is a negative urine anion gap
Indicated NH4 is secreted and suggests a non-renal cause
What is the result when there is positive urine anion gap
Renal cause there is low levels of NH4
Is there a urine anion gap present in Type 1 RTA
Yes
What is the cause of generalized tubular defect
Both hydrogen and potassium secretion are impaired
What is the overall end result of chronic progressive kidney disease
Hyperchloremic acidosis (less ammonia secretion)
