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Dental Meds > Module 8 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Module 8 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure

A

CHRONIC RECURRENT paroxysmal changes in neurologic function
altered funct
involuntary movement

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2
Q

Do all seizures imply epilepsy

A

no

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3
Q

what can seizures be related to

A 
stress
sleep deprivation
alcohol or drug withdrawal
fever
decreased O2
trauma
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4
Q

What is the dogs ability to detect

A

it is not understood, could be subtle change or scent

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5
Q

What is the pathophysiology of epilepsy

A
  • excessive focal neuronal discharge

- altered Na channel, neuronal membrane, synaptic transmission, decreased electrical threshold

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6
Q

What can epileptic seizures be evoked by?

A

flickering lights, monotonous sounds, music, loud noise

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7
Q

what may be depressed in epilepsy

A

-hypothalmus may be depressed so person loses conciousness

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8
Q

What are the phases of a grand mal seizure

A

Tonic/Clonic

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9
Q

What procedes a grand mal seizure

A

aura

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10
Q

what is an aura

A

unusual smell, visual disturbance, irratability

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11
Q

*what is a sudden epileptic cry

A

-spasm of diaphragm

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12
Q

What is the tonic phase of a grand mal seizure

A

gen muscle rigidity
pupil dilated
eyes roll up or to side
loss of conciousness

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13
Q

What is the clonic phase of a grand mal seizure

A

-uncoordinated movements

rhythmic contractions, limbs, forced closure of mouth

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14
Q

What are characteristics of a grand mal seizure

A

-doesnt last more than 90 sec
followed by headache, stupor, confusion
urinary incontinence

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15
Q

Tonic:sudden_____
Clonic:rhythmic_____

A

stiffening and contraction

twitching or jerking

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16
Q

What is a petit pal seizure

A

absence seizure

-slow electrical discharge, appears to be day dreaming

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17
Q

What is status epilepticus

A

-repeated seizures in a short period of time without recovery

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18
Q

what happens to a patient physically with status epilepticus

A

-pt can become hypoxic, acidic, and suffer permanent brain dysfunction

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19
Q

Is there any alteration in a pt with seizures in dental treatment if they are well controlled

A

no

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20
Q

What side effects of drugs should we be aware of in management of a pt with seizures

A

drowsiness, slow speech, dizziness

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21
Q

What should you do in the dental offices if a seizure occurs

A

-clear area
turn pt to size to avoid aspiration
passively protect

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22
Q

what should you do in the dental office after a seizure occurs

A
  • examine for traumatic injury

- discontinue tx

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23
Q

What is a stroker (CVA) caused by

A

interruption of oxygenated blood to the brain

-decreased blood supply or ability of RBC to carry O2

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24
Q

What is the neurologic deficit or disability is depentent on what of a patient who survives a stroke

A

duration, tissue death, location

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25
Q

What deficits occur in a stroke

A 
-unilateral paralysis 
numbness
sensory impairment
blindness
dizziness
dysphagia
26
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack?

A

temporary disturbance in blood supply, numbness on one side, weakness, tingling, speech disturbances

27
Q

How do you prevent a TIA

A

identify:
HTN, diabetes, cholesterol, smoking
anticoagulant
corticosteroids to reduce edema

28
Q

What are the dental managment considerations should we use in a patient post TIA

A

-only urgent care for the first 6 mo post attack
-optimal OH
medication

29
Q

What medications should be evaluated in a patient who is post TIA?

A
  • Inhibit platelets
  • clopidogrel (plavix)
  • Inhibit Vitamin K
  • warfarin (coumadin)
30
Q

What is the most serious drug interaction with warfin

A

asprin

31
Q

In a patient post TIA is L.A. ok? nitrous ok?

A

-cardiac recommendation
-yes
get a consult

32
Q

WHat is Parkinsons Disease

A
  • degenerative disease of the basal ganglia involving the dopamine secreting pathway
  • destructive leisons in the limbic, motor, and regulation of autonomic system
33
Q

What is the etiology of parkinsons disease

A

unknown

34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of parkinsons disease

A 
-muscle rigidity
facial impassiveness
tremors
stooped posture
pain-musculoskeletal burning
bowel and bladder dysfunction
35
Q

What is the medical tx for parkinsons

A

-no tx
-increase in dopamine levels in CNS
substantia nigra cells deteriorate

36
Q

what is dopamine

A

-neurotransmitter

37
Q

What medication should we know in the tx of parkinsons

A

levodopa (L-dopa), converted to dopamin in the brain

Dopamine Agonists
-roprinirole (requip)

MAO-B Inhibitors* most commonly prescribed
asagiline (azilect)

38
Q

What should we know about dental tx in a pt with parkinsons

A
  • manage excess saliva

- extensive OH instruction, power brush

39
Q

what do parkinson drugs cause

A

-xerostomia, nausea, tardive dykinesia

40
Q

What is alzheimers/dementia

A
  • chronic progressive degenerative cognitive disorder, in people over 65,
  • degeneration of cholinergic neurons neurotranmitters acetylcholine/glutamine
41
Q

what is the etiology of alzheimers/dementia

A

unknown, may be a genetic predisposition

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of alzheimers

A

-loss of memory, personality change, inability to work or do daily activities, loss of motor skills, anxiety, loss of inhibitions

43
Q

What do we do in the dental office in the management of alzheimer pts in the intial stage

A
  • short words and sentences
  • repeat instructions
  • 3 mo recall
  • complete complex tx
44
Q

what do we do in the dental office in the managments of alzheimer pts in the later stages

A

maintain dental status, minimize deterioration

45
Q

What are oral complications of alzheimers

A 
xeriostomia
mucosal leisons
candidiasis
excessive plaque and calc deposits
perio disease
increased caries
intraoral trauma from falls
46
Q

What is multiple sclerosis

A
  • most common autoimmune disease of the nervous system

- demylination of neurons

47
Q

what is the etiology of multiple sclerosis

A

unknown, suspect its triggered by infectious agent

48
Q

what are signs and symptoms of Multiple sclerosis

A

-dependent on area of brain,
-visual, abnormal eye movement
-vertigo- coordination- weakness
-motor disturbances
-bowel and bladder incontinence
pain
fatigue

49
Q

How do we manage a MS pt in the dental office

A

-optimal OH
-conticosterioids are immuno suppressive
-dry or burning mouth
-dysarthria
parasthesia
numbness of oral facial structures
trigeminal neuralgia

50
Q

What is amyotophic lateral sclerosis also known as

A

ALS, Lou Gehrigs disease

51
Q

what is ALS

A
  • chonic, progressive, fatal disease

- gradual degeneration of the nerve cells in the CNS that control voluntary muscle movement

52
Q

What percentage of people with ALS die within 18 mo

A

50%

53
Q

Is the mental awareness of an ALS patient altered

A

NO, they retain memories, personality, intellegence, sight, hearing

54
Q

In ALS what does the brain lose the ability to do

A

-initate and control voluntary movement

55
Q

What are signs and symptoms of ALS

A

-dysphagia
dysarthria
spasticity
unable to: speak, swallow, walk, cant move
unable to maintain bladder and bowel control

56
Q

What is the etiology of ALS

A

unknown

57
Q

What is treated in ALS

A

pain and depreession

58
Q

what medication reduces the damage to neurons by decreasing the release of glutamate*

A

riluzole (Rilutek)

59
Q

what is the most excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system

A

glutamate

60
Q

what should we do in dental tx of a patient with ALS

A
  • complete major tx ASAP
  • occlusal guard for grinding
  • optimal OH
  • oral rinses

Dental Meds (12 decks)

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