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Dental Meds > Module 11 Exam 4 > Flashcards

Module 11 Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What do bacteriocidal antibiotics do

A

inhibit bacterial cell wall sythesis

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2
Q

What antimicrobials are bacteriocidal and have a beta lactam ring

A

penicillin

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3
Q

What are narrow spectrum antibiotics effective agains

A

gram negative bacteria

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4
Q

what are broad spectrum atnibiotics effetive against

A

gram - and gram +

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5
Q

What characterizes a gram + bacteria

A

increased peptidogycan in cell wall and lack outer membrane

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6
Q

Why do we get penicillin resistance

A

bacterial resistance against beta lactam riing

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7
Q

what does the beta lactam ring do

A

interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

what is done to combat penicillin resistance

A

add a clavulanate to restore its effectiveness

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9
Q

What are 2 mecications that were made to combat penicillin resistance

A
  • Augmentin (amox+claulanate) ORall

- Timentin (ticarcillin+cal) IV

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10
Q

What is the prototype for natural penicillin

A

Penicillin G

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11
Q

What are the narrow spectrum (natural) antimicrobials

A 
Penicillin V*
Penicillin G (inj)
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12
Q

What are some qualities about narrow specturm antiboitics

A
  • bacteriocidal
  • yogurt
  • cause fungal overgrowth
  • protect esophagus
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13
Q

What are some examples of broad spectrum antibacterials

A

amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)*

ampicillin

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14
Q

What have a possible interacton with oral contraceptives

A

broad spectrum antibacterials

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15
Q

What is a beta lacamase inhibitor

A

Augmentin*

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16
Q

What is penicillin VK prescribed for

A

moderate endo, perio or odonto abcess, NUG

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17
Q

What is amoxicillin prescribed for

A

skin infection, sinusitis, and bite woulnds

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18
Q

what is augmentin prescribed for

A

aggressive forms of infection

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19
Q

What are cephalosporins

A
  • broader range then penicillin

- interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis

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20
Q

What is a first generation cephalosporin

A

-Keflex, gram + *

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21
Q

What is a second generation cephalosporin

A

Gram - & +

ceclor*

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22
Q

what is a third generation cephalosporin

A

Rocephin mixed with Lido*

greater range of gram -

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23
Q

What is the fouth generation cephalosporin

A

tx or MRSA

Maxipime*

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24
Q

What can and cant cephalosporins be uesd for

A

can: premed
cant: endo and perio abcess

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25
Q

What are effective against strict anaerobic bacteria

A

nitroimadazoles

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26
Q

what is the dental med used of nitroimadazoles

A

Flagyl

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27
Q

what needs to be avoided in the use of Flagyl

A

alohol, mouthrinses

28
Q

what are nitroimadazoles used to treat

A

NUG, aggressive forms of perio, Endo, peri-implant infectons

29
Q

What are quinilones used for

A

bacteriocidal, broad spectrum anti microbial

30
Q

What are two examples of Quinolones

A
  • cipro

* Levaquin

31
Q

What is utilized when a patient is allergic to penicillin

A

erythromycin

32
Q

What macrolide is used when pt has strep, penumonia, middle ear inf

A

Zithromax

33
Q

what macrolide is used when a patien has pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis

A

Biaxin

34
Q

What is a macrolide

A

bacteriostatic similar to erythromiycin

35
Q

What is a tetracyline

A

bacteriostatic and broad spectrum

36
Q

How do tetracyclines affect host response

A

ihibits production and secretion of collagenase by PMNS

37
Q

What makes up the conn tissue of the peiodontium

A

collagen

38
Q

What are 2 medications that tetracyclines

A

doxycyline* Periostat*

39
Q

What medications exhibit high concentrations in the creviclar fluied

A

tetracyclines

40
Q

What are some problems with tetracycline

A

photosensitivy, stain, dont take with milk

41
Q

What are the most common causes of anaphylactic death

A

penicillin, bee stings, wasp stings

42
Q

What is an allergic reaction a result of

A

immunologic reaction to noninfectious foreigh substance

43
Q

What happens with a repeated contact with an antigen

A

hypersensitiviy
hestructive to host tissue
cellular and humoral components

44
Q

What is the primary lymphocyte in humoral immunity

A

B lymphocyte

45
Q

What remain inactive until they come in conact wtih the same type of antigen

A

b memory cells

46
Q

What immune system is involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

humoral

47
Q

When dose type 1 hypersensitivy occur

A

after the second contact (may have several exposures)

48
Q

What does histamine relase cause

A

smooth muscle contraction

increases permeability vasculature

49
Q

What is the most serious type of allergic response

A

anaphylaxis

50
Q

What is anaphylaxis usually caused by

A

parabens

sulfites

51
Q

What are other type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

A 
hay fever
asthma
urticaria
dust
mites
pollen
dander
food-drugs
52
Q

What are the most common food allergies of Type 1

A

shellfish, nuts, eggs, milk

53
Q

what are the most comon insect allergies of type 1

A

bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets

54
Q

What are the drugs that cause a type 1 hypersensitivity

A

penicillin
sulfa
NSAIDS

55
Q

does codeine usually cause a true allergic response

A

no

56
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions

A

itching, vomiting, aarythmias, hypotension, Bronchoaspasm

57
Q

What are medications used in an allergic reaction

A
  • H1 receptor antagonists
  • Intaranasal glucocorticoids
  • sympathomimetics
58
Q

What are examples of first generation h1-receptor antagonists

A

Benadryl *

59
Q

what are examples of second generation H1-receptor antagonists

A

zyrtec *
Allegra *
Claritin *

60
Q

What are examples of intranasal gulocorticoids

A

Rhinocort*
FLonase*
Nasonex*

61
Q

What is the celluar immune system sometimes referred to as

A

delayed immune system

62
Q

what plays a signigicant roll in the celluar immune system

A

T-lympocytes

63
Q

What do Memory T cells do

A

remember the antigen for years

64
Q

What allergens cause contact dematitis

A

nickel, latex, amaglgam

65
Q

What is the treatment of cellular immune reactions

A

remove material causing rxn, most are self limiting and dont require additional tx

66
Q

what reactoins is the celluar immune system responsible for

A
  • concact dermatitis
    graft rejections
    some drug hypersensitivity
    some autoimmune diseases

Dental Meds (12 decks)

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