7.1 Genital tract Non-sexually T INFECTIONS Flashcards
(82 cards)
List 8 non-STI infections
- candidiasis
- bacterial vaginosis
- toxic shock syndrome
- group B streptococcus
- STORCH
- post-partum sepsis & other post-partum infection
- UTI
Infection of candidiasis ?
- fungal
- yeast candida albicans most common
What percentage of women will experience at least one episode of a yeast infection in their lifetime?
75%
List some factors that are associated with an increased risk of developing a yeast infection.
- antibiotic use
- local irritants such as soap
- diabetes
- HIV infection
- oral contraceptive pills
- hormone replacement therapy (HRT
Presentation of candidiasis in female and men ?
female:
* vulval/vaginal itching
* sorness
* ‘cheese-like’ vaginal discharge
* dysuria
men:
* redness
* itching on penis
* foreskin sores
* white discharge
How can the use of antibiotics lead to a yeast infection (candida) ?
antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria and yeast in the body, allowing Candida albicans to overgrow
management for candidiasis ?
antifungals e.g. fluconazole
Bacterial vaginosis is a …. of the vagina
dysbiosis (imbalance bacterial composition ?)
What is bacterial vaginosis characterised by ?
overgrowth of anaerobes such as gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella species and a loss of lactobacillii
What changes in vaginal pH are associated with BV?
increased vaginal pH greater than 4.5
Is bacterial vaginosis considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
No, bacterial vaginosis is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, although its prevalence is higher among sexually active women.
What are the typical symptoms of BV?
The typical symptoms of BV include a fishy-smelling, thin, grey discharge.
Unlike yeast infections, BV usually does not cause itching or soreness.
What specific microscopic finding is associated with BV?
The presence of ‘clue cells’ on microscopy is associated with BV.
Clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells coated with bacteria, giving them a stippled appearance.
Which bacteria are commonly overgrown in BV?
overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella species
What are lactobacilli, and what happens to them in BV?
Lactobacilli are beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy vaginal environment by producing lactic acid, which keeps the vaginal pH low.
In BV, there is a loss of lactobacilli, leading to an imbalance and overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
Management for Bacterial vaginosis ?
metronidazole, clindamycin
What makes TSS potentially life-threatening?
TSS is potentially life-threatening due to the severe systemic effects of the bacterial exotoxins, which can lead to multi-organ failure and shock if not treated promptly.
Menstrual TSS mainly associated with ….1….. but may also be seen with …2…
- staphylococcus aureus
- GAS
When tampons are used what permits the access of bacteria into the tissues of vagina ?
bacteria can gain entry into uterus via cervic or through mucosal splits or erosions in the vagina
Symptoms of TSS may include ?
- fever
- headache
- skin rash
- confusion
- vomiting
- diarrhoea
Risk factors for TSS may include ?
tampon use, postpartum period
In what % of healthy women’s reproductive tracts can GBS ( …. or …) be seen ?
35%
Group B streptococcus (sptreptococcus agalactiae)
Group B streptococcus can be transmitted to newborns when ?
at time of birth
Group B streptococcus is primary cause of what ?
neonatal sepsis / meningitis
