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MSK > Fibrous CT > Flashcards

Fibrous CT Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A

Gel-like substance with embedded protein fibers
In bone, mineralized
Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes

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2
Q

3 types of CT

A

Embryonic
Adult
Special: adipose, cartilage, bone, hematopoietic

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3
Q

Functions of CT

A

Structural framework
Protection
Supports and interconnects other tissues
Energy storage
Transports fluid, cells, and dissolved chemicals throughout body
Defense against invasion by microorganisms

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4
Q

Cells of CT

A 
Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells
Adipocytes
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts
Hematopoietic stem cells
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5
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Produce collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, elastin, and reticular fibers in ECM

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6
Q

Adipocytes

A

Provide reserve energy source
Closely packed with their nuclei pushed to the side by large fat droplet
Removes lipid from blood, stores it, and releases it into the bloodstream when needed

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7
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Multipotent

CT stem cells

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8
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Produce and maintain cartilage components

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9
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Produce bone components

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10
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells

A

Produce RBCs and immune cells

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11
Q

Fibrous ECM

A

Collagens
Elastics
Reticular fibers

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12
Q

Collagens

A

Type I is most common
Fibrils are aligned and cross linked to increase tensile strength
Problems can lead to Ehlers-Danilo’s and Scurvy

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13
Q

Elastin

A

Stretchable fiber
Tropoelastin
Fibulin-1
Fibrillin 1/2

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14
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Forms supportive mesh work

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15
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

AD disease where elastin is weak
Mutation in fibrillin-I gene
Life threatening cardiovascular anomalies

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16
Q

Ground Substance of ECM

A

Proteoglycans
Hyaluronan
Glycoproteins
Proenzymes

17
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Chondroitin sulfates
Heparin sulfates
Keratin sulfates

18
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Cytokines
Growth factors
Structural proteins (fibronectin, laminin, tensascins)

19
Q

Embryonic CT

A

Rich in ECM and mesenchymal stem cells (more than adult)
Some but not many collagen or reticular fibers
“Warton’s jelly” umbilical cord

20
Q

Adult mesenchymal stem cells

A 
Multipotent
Become fibroblasts
muscle cells (skeletal and smooth)
Osteoblasts
Chondroblasts
Adipocytes
21
Q

Fibrous CT

A

Loose

Dense

22
Q

Loose CT

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Found immediately beneath membranous epithelia (called lamina propria) and around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves

23
Q

Areolar CT

A

Loose
Low density tissue with both fixed and wandering cells
Widespread

24
Q

Adipose

A

Fat containing tissue

25
Q

Reticular

A

Rich in reticular fibers
Forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh for holding free cells
Liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

26
Q

Dense CT

A

Dense irregular
Dense regular
Elastic

27
Q

Dense irregular CT

A 
Collagen fibers are deposited in a random pattern
Dermis
Fascia
Perichondrium and periosteum
Fibroblasts are the principle cell type
28
Q

Dense regular CT

A 
Collagen fibers are deposited in a highly regular pattern
Tendons connecting muscle to bone
Fibroblasts=principle cell type
Resists pulling forces
Poorly vascularized
29
Q

Elastic CT

A 
Rich in elastin fibers
Recoil of tissue following stretching
Walls of blood vessels
Bronchioles tubes
Special ligaments (ligamentum nuchae)
30
Q

Cell types in loose areolar CT

A 
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Mesenchymal cells
Macrophages
Mast cells
WBCs
Plasma cells
31
Q

Adipose CT

A

Abundant adipocytes and sparse ECM
Provides reserve energy source and insulates against heat loss
Padding and cushioning for organs
Under skin, around organs, within abdomen, breasts, and buttocks

32
Q

White fat

A

Energy storage
Insulating
Cushioning vital organs
Hormone secretion

33
Q

Brown fat

A

Key thermogenic tissue

Abundant in newborns; greatly reduced in adults

34
Q

Macrophages

A

Differentiate from blood monocytes
Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria, damaged or sick cells, removal of cell debris, and antigen processing and presentation

35
Q

Mast cells

A

Secrete chemicals such as histamine that mediate the allergic response and heparin (anti-coagulant of blood)

36
Q

Plasma cells

A

Differentiate from B-lymphocytes

Make antibodies

MSK (16 decks)

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