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EMT > Chapter 10- Airway Management > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Airway Management Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Ventilation or breathing, the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.

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2
Q

External respiration

A

Gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the surrounding pulmonary capillaries. Also referred to as alveoli/ capillary gas exchange, serves to oxygenate the blood and eliminate CO2 in the lungs.

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3
Q

Internal respiration

A

AKA cell/capillary gas exchange, is responsible for delivering oxygen to the cells and removing CO2 from the cell. Gas exchange process that occurs between the cells and the systemic capillaries.

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4
Q

Cellular respiration and metabolism

A

AKA aerobic metabolism, occurs in the cell. Process breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, produces high amounts of energy in the form of ATP, and releases CO2 and water as a by-product.

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5
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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6
Q

Carina

A

The end of the trachea where the right and left main stem bronchi starts.

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7
Q

Serous fluid

A

Acts as lubricant to reduce friction when the layers of the pleura rub against each other during breathing.

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8
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
  • Major muscle used in breathing.
  • Responsible for approximately 60-70 percent of the effort of ventilation.
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9
Q

Ventilation

A

The passage of air into and out of the lungs.

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Continuously monitor levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration) in the arterial blood and stimulate an increase or decrease in the impulses from the respiratory rhythm centers to control the rate and depth of ventilation.

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11
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low oxygen content in arterial blood.

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12
Q

Hypoxia

A

Refers to an inadequacy in the amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells.

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13
Q

Signs of mild to moderate hypoxia

A
  • Tachypnea
  • Dyspnea
  • Pale,cool,clammy skin (early)
  • Tachycardia (increase in heart rate)
  • Elevation in BP
  • Restlessness and agitation
  • Disorientation and confusion (from high carbon dioxide levels in the blood)
  • Headache
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14
Q

Signs of severe hypoxia

A
  • cyanosis
  • severe confusion
  • Loss of coordination
  • sleepy appearance
  • Head bobbing
  • Slow reaction time
  • altered mental status
  • seizure
  • slow & irregular HR
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15
Q

Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

A

The process of forcing air into a patient’s lungs, also called artificial ventilation.

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Found in the cytoplasm of red blood cells, is responsible for picking up most oxygen in the blood, approximately 97 percent, and carrying it through the arterial system to the capillaries throughout the body. protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues

17
Q

An Open airway

A

Patent airway

18
Q

Snoring

A

Occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue or by relaxed tissues in the pharynx.

19
Q

Crowing

A

Is a sound like a crow cawing that occurs when the muscles around the larynx spasm and narrow the opening into the trachea.

20
Q

Gurgling

A

A sound like gargling, usually indicates the presence of blood, vomitus, secretions, or other liquid in the airway.

21
Q

Stridor

A

Is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration.

22
Q

Tidal volume

A

Is the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one respiration.

23
Q

Minute volume

A

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one minute.

24
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube to the stomach

25
Q

Jaw thrust maneuver

A

For trauma PT

26
Q

Hard/Rigid catheters (Yankaur)

A
  • AKA tonsil tip
  • used for suctioning of the mouth and oropharynx
  • Only inserted as far as you can see, usually the base of the tongue
  • Measure from the corner of the mouth to the top of the ear
27
Q

Soft catheters

A

-AKA French
-used for the nose and nasopharynx
-measure from the tip of the nose
To the top of the ear

28
Q

Bag Valve Mask (BVM)

A

-Can be used without supplemental O2, but far more effective with O2 21% VS 100%

29
Q

O2 cylinders

A
  • D tanks- 350 liters
  • H tanks- 6900 liters
  • All tanks are pressurized to 2000psi
30
Q

Nasal Cannula

A
  • Delivers 24-44% O2

- Flow meter set at 2-6lpm

31
Q

Non Rebreather Mask (NRB)

A

-For pt in respiratory distress and in need of high concentration of O2

  • Delivers 90% O2
  • Flow meter set from 10-15lpm
32
Q

Inhalation or inspiration

A

The process of breathing air in

33
Q

Exhalation or expiration

A

Process of breathing air out

34
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs

EMT (26 decks)

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