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EMT > Ch.30 Musculoskeletal Injuries > Flashcards

Ch.30 Musculoskeletal Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscles

A
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
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2
Q

Voluntary muscle

A
  • Under conscious control

* Attached to bones by tendons

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3
Q

Involuntary Muscles

A
  • Not under conscious control

* Internal organs

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4
Q

Cardiac Muscles

A
  • Involuntary

* Able to self start

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5
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

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6
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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7
Q

Skeletal system

A
  • Provides shape and protective functions
  • Allows movement by way of joints
  • Commonly injured due to traumatic forces
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8
Q

Skeletal system components

A
  • Skull
  • Spinal column
  • Thorax
  • Pelvis
  • Lower extremities
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9
Q

5 P’s

A
  • Pain
  • Pulselessness
  • Paralysis
  • Paraesthesia
  • Pallor
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10
Q

Fractures forces

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
  • Twisting
  • Muscle Contraction
  • Fatigue
  • Pathological
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11
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament stretched or torn beyond normal range of motion

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12
Q

Sprain S/Sx

A
  • Pain
  • Swelling
  • Discolored
  • Decrease movement
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13
Q

Strain

A

Stretch/Mild tearing of muscle or stretching of tendon

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14
Q

Strain S/Sx

A
  • Little to no deformity
  • Spasm
  • Weakness, loss of function
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15
Q

Dislocation S/Sx

A
  • Displacement of bone end from joint
  • Ligaments stretched or torn
  • Severe Pain due to nerve trauma
  • Stiffness
  • Loss of motion
  • Obvious deformity
  • Numbness
  • May decrease blood supply
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16
Q

Critical fractures

A
  • Femur fractures

- Pelvic fractures

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17
Q

Osteoporosis can cause

A

Pathological fracture

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18
Q

If Pt is unresponsive you should conduct

A

Rapid trauma assessment

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19
Q

If the pt is otherwise stable you should conduct

A

Focused physical Exam

20
Q

Definitive determination of a fracture is done by?

A

X-Ray

21
Q

Splint

A

Any device used to immobilize a body part is called a splint, and it can be soft or rigid.

22
Q

Both femur and pelvic fractures could result as much _____ml of blood

A

2000ml of blood loss

23
Q

Assessment

A
  • Ensure you’ve taken BSI precautions
  • Ascertain the MOI
  • Evaluate need for additional resources
  • rapidly assess mental status and ABC
24
Q

Splinting bones

A

Immobilize the joint above and below the bone

25
Q

Splinting joints

A

Immobilize the bone above and below the joint

26
Q

PMS

A
  • Pulse
  • Movement
  • Sensation
27
Q

Sager traction

A
  • Unipolar

- asses distal PMS function, and adjust the splint to about 4” longer than the heel

28
Q

Fixed splint

A

For humerus injury

29
Q

Air splint

A
  • Non malleable

- Straight extremity trauma

30
Q

PASG

A

(Pneumatic Anti-Shock Trouser) Using the PASG for a suspected pelvic injury

31
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

-Compilation from extremity trauma

•Results from pressure building up in the tissues from Edema or bleeding into the muscle

32
Q

Frontal impact vehicle collisions patterns

A 
-Up and over
   •Abdomen,chest,Head,Neck
   •Starring of the windshield can mean head injuries 
-Down and Under
   •Knees, Femurs, Pelvis, Spine
33
Q

Rear Impact collisions can result in ?

A

Whiplash That can lead to neck injuries

34
Q

Rollover Crashes can result in?

A
  • Multi system trauma common
  • Ejection common
  • Crush injury common
35
Q

Extent of injury in car collisions depends on?

A

How fast the vehicle is going

36
Q

Trauma centers are designed to provide?

A

Immediate surgical intervention for Pt’s with internal trauma

37
Q

SD trauma centers

A
  • Palomar
  • Sharp memorial
  • Scripps mercy hospital
  • UCSD hillcrest
  • Scripps memorial La Jolla
  • Childrens
38
Q

Fracture S/Sx

A
  • Pain
  • Tenderness
  • Deformity
  • Discoloration
  • Paresthesia below fracture
  • Anesthesia below fracture
  • Paresis
  • paralysis
  • inability to move extremity
  • Circulatory issues
39
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

A fracture in which the bone is broken, splintered or crushed in several places

40
Q

Impacted fracture

A
  • Bone ends driven into each other

- Commonly seen in arm fractures in children

41
Q

Greenstick fracture

A
  • Bone ends and cracks, instead of breaking into separate pieces.incomplete fracture
  • Commonly seen in children
42
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Bone breaks diagonally

43
Q

Spiral fracture

A
  • Caused by a twisting force

- Also called a torsion Fracture

44
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Break straight across the bone

45
Q

Osteoporosis

A
  • Degenerative bone disorder associated with loss of minerals from the bone
  • Considered pathological (Disease process)
  • Maybe a Fracture cause the fall instead of the opposite?
46
Q

Dislocation

A
  • Displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint

- Obvious deformity and Swelling

47
Q

Types of splints

A
  • Rigid splints
  • Traction splints
  • Vacuum splints
  • Sling and swathe
  • Spine board

EMT (26 decks)

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