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EMT > Ch.2 Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Ch.2 Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens

A
  • Microorganisms that cause disease

- Visible only through microscope

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2
Q

Bacteria

A
  • Microscopic organisms that can reproduce on their own
  • Respond to antibiotics
  • TB, UTI, step throat are common bacterial infections
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3
Q

Virus

A
  • Smaller than bacteria
  • Cannot reproduce without a host cell
  • Antibiotics not effective
  • HIV/AIDS , hepatitis, chicken pox
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4
Q

Fungi

A
  • Plantlike Microorganisms
  • Typically do not cause infection in good immune systems
  • Pneumonia in an HIV infected person
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5
Q

Protozoa

A
  • Enter through oral-fecal route

- Mosquitoes carry Protozoa that causes malaria

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6
Q

Helminths

A
  • Parasitic worms (Tape Worms)

- Enter by ingestion of worm eggs

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7
Q

Communicable diseases

A
  • Spreads from person to person
  • Blood to Blood
  • Contact with open wounds
  • Contact with mucous membranes
  • Needle sticks
  • Airborne
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8
Q

Standard Precautions

A

-Required by OSHA
-Both employers and employees are responsible for:
•Ensuring proper equipment
•Ensuring policies are in place
-Employer must also develop and enforce an exposure policy

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9
Q

Standard precaution applies to being exposed to

A
  • Blood
  • All body secretions, except sweat
  • Non-intact skin
  • Mucous membranes
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10
Q

PPE

A
  • Gloves
  • Eye protection
  • Gowns
  • Masks
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11
Q

Hand washing time?

A

10-15 seconds

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12
Q

Cleaning Equipment

A

-Cleaning
•Soap and water only
-Disinfecting
•Hospital grade disinfectant or germicide solution
•Most common for back of ambulance and equipment

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13
Q

Sterilization

A

-All organisms killed!

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14
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • Spread via blood and body fluids
  • Inflammation of the liver
  • Immune response to the virus causes swelling of the liver
  • Can live outside body for 7 days
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15
Q

Hepatitis B S/Sx

A
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Fever
  • Jaundice (Late sign)
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16
Q

Hepatitis C

A

-Transmission mode and S/Sx similar to Hep B

-Much clear to clear though:
•85% will become chronic carriers
Vs.
•5% of Hep B infected people become chronic carriers

17
Q

PPE for Hepatitis

A

-No blood or body fluids
•Gloves should be sufficient
-Presence body fluids?
•Gloves, goggles, mask, possibly gown

18
Q

Tuberculosis

A

-Bacterial disease
•Pneumonia
•Can be active or inactive in the lungs
-Highly contagious through droplet secretions
•Cannot be spread via contact (Hand shaking)

19
Q

Tuberculosis S/Sx

A
  • Fever
  • Cough
  • night sweats
  • weight loss
20
Q

Tuberculosis test

A
  • Skin test common

- Xrays

21
Q

TB full PPE

A

-Full PPE for active TB including N-95 mask

22
Q

HIV/AIDS

A
  • Virus destroys the body’s ability to fight infection

- Spread thru blood and body fluids

23
Q

HIV/AIDS S/Sx

A
  • Most involved general illness
  • Pneumonia
  • Infection
24
Q

HIV/AIDS PPR

A
  • No body fluids=Gloves

- Body fluids=full PPE

25
Q

Meningitis

A

-Inflammation of the meninges

-Usually viral or bacterial
•Viral usually resolves with supportive care
•Bacterial fatal if not treated, antibiotics and steroids

26
Q

Classic triad Symptoms (meningitis)

A
  • Headache
  • Stiff Neck
  • Sudden High Fever
27
Q

Meningitis PPE

A
  • Standard precautions, with mask

- Can be spread through droplet secretions

28
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

  • Generally a skin infection
  • Resistant to most antibiotics
29
Q

MRSA S/Sx

A

Generally a skin infection

  • Red
  • Swollen
  • Painful
  • warm to touch
30
Q

MRSA prevention

A
  • Use good hygiene
  • Wear Gloves
  • Keep cuts covered
31
Q

Disease transmitted probability

A 
Hep B
  •6-30% chance of virus 
Hep C
  •2%
HIV/AIDS
  •0.3%
-Canada OSHA stats 2012

EMT (26 decks)

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