chapter 3

Question 1

Positive organizational behaviors that are never specifically rewarded or sanctioned by the organization

Answer 1

acts of citizenship

Question 2

The level of control an employee has over deciding how and when work is completed

Answer 2

autonomy

Question 3

The phenomenon where a person experiences less motivation (because they experience less overall reward) to complete a task that is rewarded or officially sanctioned by the organization or a manager

Answer 3

cognitive evaluation theory

Question 4

When one event (sight/sound/smell) automatically triggers a response in a person

Answer 4

conditioned response

Question 5

The existing intrinsic motivation a worker already experiences when they volunteer the service

Answer 5

crowd out

Question 6

A type of justice that primarily focuses on the unfair distribution of resources

Answer 6

distributive justice

Question 7

All the basic physical and material needs that every person has

Answer 7

existence needs

Question 8

The belief or confidence that a person’s effort will lead to performance

Answer 8

expectancy

Question 9

A feeling that can only be satisfied by relating to others; it requires the social approval of others

Answer 9

external esteem

Question 10

Information regarding performance

Answer 10

feedback

Question 11

When a person has experienced frustration while striving to achieve a higher-order need, they will “regress” or go backward to a lower-order need that was more concrete and/or measurable

Answer 11

frustration regression principle

Question 12

the highest form of needs according to Alderfer and Maslow

Answer 12

growth needs

Question 13

Factors that are extrinsic to the job

Answer 13

hygiene factors

Question 14

The belief that if you do perform, your performance will be noted and rewarded

Answer 14

instrumentality

Question 15

A person’s sense of fair treatment insofar as it involves the communication process

Answer 15

interactional justice

Question 16

A feeling that is not dependent upon social approval, but is a function of how people feel about themselves and their accomplishments

Answer 16

internal esteem

Question 17

6 “Intrinsic Factors” Achievement, Recognition, Work Itself, Responsibility, Advancement, Growth

Answer 17

motivation factors

Question 18

nAch

Answer 18

The need for achievement

Question 19

The need for affiliation is fundamental to communication effectiveness and social awareness

Answer 19

nAff

Question 20

Exists when a person (A) perceives that they are receiving relatively fewer outcomes (rewards) for their given inputs (efforts) than the person they compare themselves to (B)

Answer 20

negative inequity

Question 21

The need for power is fundamental to the competency of a leader at any level in the organization

Answer 21

nPow

Question 22

The learning associations between behaviors and consequences

Answer 22

operant conditioning

Question 23

A person’s belief that the process of allocating rewards or punitive measures is just/fair

Answer 23

procedural justice

Question 24

Others we compare ourselves to when making comparisons

Answer 24

referents

Question 25

All needs to interact with others, positively or negatively

Answer 25

relatedness needs

Question 26

The condition of need fulfillment

Answer 26

satisfaction

Question 27

When the desirability of a consequence (reward) diminishes over time because the person has a lesser desire for that particular reward

Answer 27

saturation

Question 28

Rewarding someone for making gradual changes in behavior

Answer 28

shaping behavior

Question 29

The number of different activities performed by an employee

Answer 29

skill variety

Question 30

The extent to which the employee’s work can be identified as a “meaningful whole” with a beginning and an end

Answer 30

task identity

Question 31

The degree to which an employee can perceive the impact of his/her work on the final product, other employees, or the work environment

Answer 31

task significance

Question 32

states that behaviors that are rewarded will tend to be repeated, while behaviors that are not rewarded will not

Answer 32

thorndikes law of effect

Question 33

The degree to which the reward that you are given is valuable to you

Answer 33

valence

Question 34

= nAch – Fear of Failure

Answer 34

achievement motivation