chapter 10

Question 1

When a person or organization measures performance against an internal or external standard

Answer 1

benchmarking

Question 2

Methods or activities that are believed to yield superior outcomes

Answer 2

best practices

Question 3

A situation in which an organization, team, or individual is simply “going with the flow” and at the total mercy of its circumstances

Answer 3

complacency trap

Question 4

Planning that creates various action plans to be implemented when an unfortunate event occurs

Answer 4

contingency plan

Question 5

The act of predicting future events and scenarios

Answer 5

forecasting

Question 6

How each part of an organization can individually contribute to the overall strategic plan of the firm

Answer 6

functional plan

Question 7

A sequence of goal priorities that starts with the lower-level objectives and ends with the higher-level objectives

Answer 7

hierarchy of goals

Question 8

These objectives detail specified improvements in performance

Answer 8

improvement objectives

Question 9

Goals that deal with keeping performance on its current level

Answer 9

maintenance objectives

Question 10

When one combines controlling and planning with goal setting and goal alignment

Answer 10

management by objectives (MBO)

Question 11

The end results that one is determined to achieve

Answer 11

objectives

Question 12

A plan consisting of activities designed to execute the ultimate strategic plans of an organization

Answer 12

operational plan

Question 13

A process that includes all of the people carrying out the plan, as well as parties who are affected by the plan

Answer 13

participatory plan

Question 14

Goals that deal with additional training and other growth opportunities on a personal level

Answer 14

personal development objectives

Question 15

The method of determining important goals in advance, as well as the best way to achieve them

Answer 15

planning

Question 16

Communicated broad guidelines that are intended to guide individuals in the organization as they make decisions

Answer 16

policy

Question 17

Details specific responses to certain situations (also: Rule)

Answer 17

procedure

Question 18

Details specific responses to certain situations (also: Procedure)

Answer 18

rule

Question 19

Predicting and creating responses to possible long-term environment changes or scenarios

Answer 19

scenario planning

Question 20

A plan that is primarily concerned with the goals of the whole organization

Answer 20

strategic plan

Question 21

The plans that are designed to accomplish part or all of a strategic plan

Answer 21

tactical plan

Question 22

Identifies the purpose of the organization and what it aspires to accomplish

Answer 22

vision

Question 23

A budget that “starts over” every period; each resource allocation must be justified as if on a brand new budget

Answer 23

zero-based budget

Question 24

Prefer hard, conclusive data and high control situations. They focus more on “the numbers” of a situation and take a more impersonal approach

Answer 24

Sensation thinkers

Question 25

Are comfortable with open communication and take personal feeling and values into account. In addition however they also prefer to have facts of a situation

Answer 25

Sensation feelers

Question 26

Prefer abstract situations that are broad in scope. They tend to avoid details and are both logical and impersonal

Answer 26

Intuitive thinkers

Question 27

Tend to value personal relationships are flexible prefer broad issues and usually do not take details into consideration

Answer 27

Intuitive feelers