Stages of Learning, Guidance & Feedback

Question 1

What are the three stages of learning?

Answer 1

Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous

Question 2

What might performance of a skill look like in the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 2

Range of success and failure, not smoot movements

Question 3

What does the word ‘grooving’ mean in relation to skill development?

Answer 3

Each element of the skill comes together and becomes habitual, at this point the skill is said to be ‘grooved’

Question 4

In which stage is the following athlete;

Consistently performing an accurate serve with minimum thought and effort

Answer 4

Autonomous

Question 5

Name the three forms of guidance

Answer 5

Verbal
Visual
Manual/ mechanical
(read pages 175-176 for critical evaluation of each)

Question 6

What is internal feedback?

Answer 6

Kinaesthetic feedback collected from the sensory nerves proprioceptors/ How the skill feels

Question 7

What is external feedback and where does it come from?

Answer 7

Feedback from external sources - e.g. from a teacher or coach

Question 8

What is positive feedback?

Answer 8

Often extrinsic in nature and rewards the performer via praise or positive comments

Question 9

What is negative feedback?

Answer 9

Often extrinsic in nature and comes in the form of criticism

Question 10

What type of terminal feedback gives a performer information about the end result of a response?

Answer 10

Knowledge of results

Question 11

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 11

Information about how well the movement is being executed, rather than the end result - can be both extrinsic and kinaesthetic in nature

Question 12

Immediacy of feedback is one key point when giving efective feedback. What are the remaining three key points?

Answer 12

Limited amount of information
Related to the individual
Facilitates intrinsic feedback

Question 13

What pages in book 1 can you find advantages and disadvantages of each form of feedback?

Answer 13

Pages 177 - 179….why not head there now?!