7.2 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The pressure created by the heart pushes through the _____

Answer 1

arteries

Question 2

The pressure inside the arteries is directly related to the patient’s _____

Answer 2

blood pressure

Question 3

The pressure in the veins is _____

Answer 3

very low

Question 4

high pressure=

Answer 4

Arteries

Question 5

low pressure=

Answer 5

Veins

Question 6

Veins are divided into 2 subgroups:

Answer 6

• Superficial

- Deep

Question 7

show considerable

individual variation

Answer 7

Superficial Veins

Question 8

subcutaneous in the fasciae and are easily palpable

Answer 8

Superficial Veins

Question 9

Superficial Veins:

Answer 9

1. Cephalic vein
2. Basilic vein
3. Median vein

Question 10

in the dorsal venous

network on the dorsum of the hand (radial aspect)

Answer 10

Cephalic vein

Question 11

in the dorsal venous network and ascends along the posterior ulnar side of the wrist

Answer 11

Basilic vein

Question 12

drains the palmar venous arch

Answer 12

Median vein

Question 13

accompany arteries

Answer 13

Deep veins

Question 14

Deep veins:

Answer 14

1. Radial vein

2. Ulnar vein

Question 15

usually in pairs on either side of the artery and are connected by short crosslinks

Answer 15

Deep veins

Question 16

they are not advised for use for routine IV access due to their close proximity to arteries and veins

Answer 16

Deep veins

Question 17

run alongside the

radial artery

Answer 17

Radial vein

Question 18

run alongside the

ulnar artery

Answer 18

Ulnar vein

Question 19

A localized dilation or
bulging in the wall of a blood
vessel, usually an artery

Answer 19

Aneurysm

Question 20

Thickening, hardening, and
loss of elasticity of artery
walls

Answer 20

Arteriosclerosis

Question 21

A form of arteriosclerosis 
involving changes in the 
intima of the artery due to 
accumulation of lipids and so 
on

Answer 21

Atherosclerosis

Question 22

Obstruction of a blood vessel

by an embolus

Answer 22

Embolism

Question 23

Air, mass of undissolved
matter circulating in the
bloodstream

Answer 23

Embolus

Question 24

Varicose veins in the rectal area

Answer 24

Hemorrhoids

Question 25

Inflammation of a vein

Answer 25

Phlebitis

Question 26

``` Inflammation of a vein along with thrombus (blood clot) formation ```

Answer 26

Thrombophlebitis

Question 27

A blood clot in a blood vessel

Answer 27

Thrombus

Question 28

Swollen, knotted superficial veins

Answer 28

Varicose veins (varices)

Question 29

There are two ways to locate a vein:

Answer 29

1. Visual inspection | 2. Palpation

Question 30

The scrutiny of the veins in both arms is essential prior to choosing a vein

Answer 30

Visual Inspection

Question 31

Veins to avoid:

Answer 31

– Veins close to an infection – Veins close to bruising and phlebitis – Edematous limbs as there is danger of stasis of lymph, predisposing to such complications as phlebitis and cellulitis - Areas of previous venipuncture should be avoided as a build up of scar tissue can cause difficulty in accessing the vein and can result in pain - Avoid veins that have thrombosis - Do not use the affected arm in CVA or mastectomy patients – A vein sited in the region of a drip site should never be used as it may result in the collection of a diluted samples

Question 32

CVA

Answer 32

Cerebrovascular Accident

Question 33

removal of breast

Answer 33

Mastectomy

Question 34

determines the location and | condition of the veins

Answer 34

Palpation

Question 35

distinguishes veins from arteries and tendons

Answer 35

Palpation

Question 36

identifies the presence of valves

Answer 36

Palpation

Question 37

feel soft and bouncy and will | refill when depressed

Answer 37

Healthy veins

Question 38

Improving venous access

Answer 38

1. Application of a Tourniquet 2. Opening and closing of the fist 3. Light tapping of the vein 4. The use of heat 5. Lowering the arm below the level of the heart

Question 39

promotes venous distension

Answer 39

Application of a Tourniquet

Question 40

should be tight enough to impede venous return but not restrict arterial flow

Answer 40

tourniquet

Question 41

The tourniquet should be placed about ____ above the venipuncture site

Answer 41

7 – 8 cm

Question 42

The muscles will force blood into the veins and encourages distension. However this action may affect certain blood results, e.g. potassium

Answer 42

Opening and closing of the fist

Question 43

May be useful but can be painful and may result in the formation of a hematoma in patients with fragile veins

Answer 43

Light tapping of the vein

Question 44

In the form of warm pack to encourage venodilatation and venous filling

Answer 44

The use of heat

Question 45

Inappropriate site for Venipuncture

Answer 45

1. Arm on side of Mastectomy 2. Edematous areas 3. Hematomas 4. Arm in which blood is being transfused 5. Scarred areas 6. Arms with fistulas or vascular grafts 7. Sites above an IV cannula

Question 46

is vital when performing venipuncture as the skin is breached and a foreign device is introduced into a sterile circulatory system

Answer 46

Asepsis

Question 47

is a controversial subject and it is acknowledged that a cursory wipe with an alcohol swab does more harm than good as it disturbs the skin flora

Answer 47

Skin cleaning

Question 48

Inability to obtain specimen due to:

Answer 48

1. Inappropriate choice of vein 2. Thrombosed vein (due to previous or repeated attempts) 3. Inexperience of operator 4. Patient shocked, cold or dehydrated causing vasoconstriction

Question 49

Formation of hematoma due to:

Answer 49

– Poor technique – Pressure not being applied to puncture site following removal of needle

Question 50

If an artery is punctured: release the tourniquet, remove the needle and apply firm pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes. Cover the site with a dressing once bleeding has stopped. Re-check for signs of bleeding in 20 minutes

Answer 50

Puncture of an artery