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RT 208 > 7.2 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

7.2 Peripheral Circulation Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The pressure created by the heart pushes through the _____

A

arteries

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2
Q

The pressure inside the arteries is directly related to the patient’s _____

A

blood pressure

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3
Q

The pressure in the veins is _____

A

very low

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4
Q

high pressure=

A

Arteries

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5
Q

low pressure=

A

Veins

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6
Q

Veins are divided into 2 subgroups:

A
  • Superficial

- Deep

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7
Q

show considerable

individual variation

A

Superficial Veins

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8
Q

subcutaneous in the fasciae and are easily palpable

A

Superficial Veins

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9
Q

Superficial Veins:

A
  1. Cephalic vein
  2. Basilic vein
  3. Median vein
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10
Q

in the dorsal venous

network on the dorsum of the hand (radial aspect)

A

Cephalic vein

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11
Q

in the dorsal venous network and ascends along the posterior ulnar side of the wrist

A

Basilic vein

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12
Q

drains the palmar venous arch

A

Median vein

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13
Q

accompany arteries

A

Deep veins

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14
Q

Deep veins:

A
  1. Radial vein

2. Ulnar vein

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15
Q

usually in pairs on either side of the artery and are connected by short crosslinks

A

Deep veins

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16
Q

they are not advised for use for routine IV access due to their close proximity to arteries and veins

A

Deep veins

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17
Q

run alongside the

radial artery

A

Radial vein

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18
Q

run alongside the

ulnar artery

A

Ulnar vein

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19
Q

A localized dilation or
bulging in the wall of a blood
vessel, usually an artery

A

Aneurysm

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20
Q

Thickening, hardening, and
loss of elasticity of artery
walls

A

Arteriosclerosis

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21
Q 
A form of arteriosclerosis 
involving changes in the 
intima of the artery due to 
accumulation of lipids and so 
on
A

Atherosclerosis

22
Q

Obstruction of a blood vessel

by an embolus

A

Embolism

23
Q

Air, mass of undissolved
matter circulating in the
bloodstream

A

Embolus

24
Q

Varicose veins in the rectal area

A

Hemorrhoids

25
Q

Inflammation of a vein

A

Phlebitis

26
Q 
Inflammation of a vein along 
with thrombus (blood clot) 
formation
A

Thrombophlebitis

27
Q

A blood clot in a blood vessel

A

Thrombus

28
Q

Swollen, knotted superficial veins

A

Varicose veins (varices)

29
Q

There are two ways to locate a vein:

A
  1. Visual inspection

2. Palpation

30
Q

The scrutiny of the veins in both arms is essential prior to choosing a vein

A

Visual Inspection

31
Q

Veins to avoid:

A

– Veins close to an infection
– Veins close to bruising and
phlebitis
– Edematous limbs as there
is danger of stasis of lymph, predisposing to
such complications as phlebitis and cellulitis
- Areas of previous
venipuncture should be avoided as a build
up of scar tissue can cause difficulty in
accessing the vein and can result in pain
- Avoid veins that have
thrombosis
- Do not use the affected
arm in CVA or mastectomy patients
– A vein sited in the region of
a drip site should never be used as it may
result in the collection of a diluted samples

32
Q

CVA

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

33
Q

removal of breast

A

Mastectomy

34
Q

determines the location and

condition of the veins

A

Palpation

35
Q

distinguishes veins from arteries and tendons

A

Palpation

36
Q

identifies the presence of valves

A

Palpation

37
Q

feel soft and bouncy and will

refill when depressed

A

Healthy veins

38
Q

Improving venous access

A
  1. Application of a Tourniquet
  2. Opening and closing of the fist
  3. Light tapping of the vein
  4. The use of heat
  5. Lowering the arm below the level of the
    heart
39
Q

promotes venous distension

A

Application of a Tourniquet

40
Q

should be tight enough to impede venous return but not restrict arterial flow

A

tourniquet

41
Q

The tourniquet should be placed about ____ above the venipuncture site

A

7 – 8 cm

42
Q

The muscles will force
blood into the veins and encourages
distension. However this action may affect
certain blood results, e.g. potassium

A

Opening and closing of the fist

43
Q

May be useful but can be painful and may result in the formation of a hematoma in patients with fragile veins

A

Light tapping of the vein

44
Q

In the form of warm pack to encourage venodilatation and venous filling

A

The use of heat

45
Q

Inappropriate site for Venipuncture

A
  1. Arm on side of Mastectomy
  2. Edematous areas
  3. Hematomas
  4. Arm in which blood is being transfused
  5. Scarred areas
  6. Arms with fistulas or vascular grafts
  7. Sites above an IV cannula
46
Q

is vital when
performing venipuncture as the skin is
breached and a foreign device is introduced
into a sterile circulatory system

A

Asepsis

47
Q

is a controversial subject and it is acknowledged
that a cursory wipe with an alcohol swab
does more harm than good as it disturbs the
skin flora

A

Skin cleaning

48
Q

Inability to obtain specimen due to:

A
  1. Inappropriate choice of vein
  2. Thrombosed vein (due to previous or repeated attempts)
  3. Inexperience of operator
  4. Patient shocked, cold or dehydrated causing vasoconstriction
49
Q

Formation of hematoma due to:

A

– Poor technique
– Pressure not being applied
to puncture site following removal of needle

50
Q

If an artery is punctured: release
the tourniquet, remove the needle and apply
firm pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes.
Cover the site with a dressing once bleeding has stopped. Re-check for signs of bleeding
in 20 minutes

A

Puncture of an artery

RT 208 (16 decks)

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