Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards
What is the nervous system divided into anatomically?
The central- containing the brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous systems- 12 pairs cranial nerves from the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord.
What is the nervous system divided into functionally?
A) Somatic- motor which controls muscles and sensations which reach consciousness
B) Autonomic- motor to control glands, blood vessels, heart etc and sensory - controls blood pressure, CO2 in blood, how full is the duodenum.
What is the autonomic further divided into?
Sympathetic- prepares the body for emergencies. Parasympathetic- creates rest and facilitates digestion.
Where does the brain lie?
The cranial cavity. 1) Cerebral hemispheres. 2) Brain stem- midbrain, pons and medulla. 3) Cerebrellum.
What are the cerebral hemispheres divided into?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes- lie on the surface.
Deep structures= basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule.
What is the surface of the cerebral hemispheres thrown into folds called? They’re separated by valleys called what?
Gyri. Sulci
What is the part of the brain that lies under the parietal bone called? What is in front of this?
The central sulcus.
A gyrus which controls the muscles of the opposite side of the body; the motor cortex.
What is behind the centra sulcus? Damage to these parts causes what?
The corresponding sensory gyrus which corresponds to the opposite side of the body.
A predictable pattern of motor and sensory loss on the opposite side of the body.
What is the surface of the brain formed from and appears what colour? The axons which transmit signals are coated in what and appear what colour? Together known as what? The grey matter is where what takes place?
Cell bodies and appears grey in life.
Myelin and appear white.
Grey and white matter.
Thinking and white= transmits information.
What is the brain stem mainly concerned with?
Transmitting signals from the brain to the body (motor) and body to brain(sensory.)
The cerebellum is a specialised area which has no what?
Conscious input but uses sensory information from the body to refine motor instruction which the brain sends to the muscles.
Lying between the skull and brain is how many protective layers called what? They have what 3 functions?
3 layers known as the meninges.
To protect the brain, to provide a framework for the blood supply and to enclose the fluid filled subarachnoid space.
What are the 3 meningeal layers?
The dura lying on the inner surface of the skull, the arachnoid lying deep to the dura and the Pia lying adherent to the surface of the brain.
The dura is divided into what 2 layers? Where is the meningeal layer stuck to in most places? The gaps are filled with what?
The periosteum layer which is adherent to the inside of the skull and the meningeal layer.
The periosteal layer so act as a single tissue layer.
Venous blood- a venous sinus.
The Pia mater is what and gives the brain surface what appearance?
Delicate and a shiny appearance.
