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Phase 1 Flashcards > Muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments > Flashcards

Muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Filaments in each myofibril are arranged into what? Thick filaments made of? Contains what act as molecular spring too? Dark bands called what?Proteins that link central region of A band?

A 
Sarcomeres
Myosin 
Titin
A bands 
M line
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2
Q

Length and diameter of thick filament? How many per filament? How many heavy and light chains? Thin filament made of? Light band just actin called what?

A

1.6 micrometers long and 15nm diameter
300
2 heavy and 4 light chains
I band

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3
Q

I bands anchored to what? Length and diameter of thin filament? How many per filament? Filaments (F-actin) made of monomers of what? F-actin makes a chain of 2 what?

A 
Z line 
1 micrometer long and 8nm diameter 
380 per filament
Globular protein G-actin 
2 alpha helices
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4
Q

What is tropomyosin and what does it do? 3 troponin types? What does each do?

A

Double alpha helix around actin- partially covers myosin binding sites on actin filament
Tn I- inhibitory
Tn T- binds tropomyosin
Tn C- binds calcium

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5
Q

Membrane AP propagates through what? Ca2+ in sarcoplasm combines with what causing what? Energised by what? What breaks link between actin and myosin? When does contraction end?

A

T- tubules
Troponin- allows tropomyosin to move away from myosin binding site on actin
ATP hydrolysis
Binding of new ATP molecule
When Ca2+ returns to ECF by Ca2+/ATPase pumps and Na+/Ca2+ counter transporters

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6
Q

What is needed for energy for muscle contraction? When is creatinine kinase released?

A

High energy from ATP and creatinine phosphate- short term energy store, replenished by creatinine kinase- released on muscle fibre damage

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7
Q

Functions of joints? 3 structural joint types? Examples of each?

A

Allows movement, weight bearing and transfers load evenly to MSK system
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Fibrous= teeth sockets, cartilaginous= intervertebral discs, synovial= metacarpophalangeal

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8
Q

3 functional joint types and examples?

A

Syntharthroses- immovable joints e.g. skull sutures
Ampiathroses- slightly moveable e.g. intervertebral discs
Diarthroses- freely moveable joints e.g. hip

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9
Q

What are sutures?

A

Between bones of skull- allow growth in development, adjacent ones interdigitate and filled with short connective tissue

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10
Q

What are syndesmoses?

A

Bones connected by a ligament/ sheet of fibrous tissue e.g. interosseous membrane between trivia fibula

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11
Q

What are gomphoses?

A

Peg in socket fibrous joint found inly in tooth articulation

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12
Q

What are 3 fibrous joint types? 2 types of cartilaginous types?

A

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Synchondroses and symphyses

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13
Q

What are synchondroses?

A

Bones directly connected by hyaline cartilage e.g. costal cartilage of ribs

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14
Q

What are symphyses?

A

Connecting cartilage is a pad/ plate of fibrocartilage e.g. intervertebral discs

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15
Q

What are synovial joints known as? The 5 components of synovial joints?

A

Freely moveable joints

1) Articular cartilage 2) Joint capsule 3) Joint (synovial) cavity 4) Synovial fluid 5) Reinforcing ligaments

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16
Q

Features of articular cartilage?

A

Almost frictionless surface, resists compressive loads, high water content, low cell content, no blood supply

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17
Q

What is the inner layer of the joint capsule? What is the external layer? Features of the synovial membrane?

A

The synovial membrane
It’s continuous with periosteum (tough, fibrous)
Only few cells thick, can have villi and projections to increase SA, secretes synovial fluid components

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18
Q

What is the synovial cavity filled with? What does the synovial fluid cover, what is it modified from and what is in it?

A

Synovial fluid
Covers articulating surfaces with thin film- reducing friction during articulation
By plasma from synovial membrane
Fluid, proteins, charged sugars that bind water e.g. hyaluronate

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19
Q

3 types of reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints? What do ligaments do?

A

Intrinsic- thickened part of fibrous capsule
Extrinsic- outside capsule
Intracapsular- deep to capsule covered with synovial membrane
They connect bone to bone, stabilise joints and have less regularly arranged fibres than a tendon

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20
Q

What do tendons do and what do they have?

A

Connect bone to muscle, stabilise joints, allow muscles to be accommodated at a distance from their insertion, provides solid base on which muscles can pull
Dense, regular connective tissue

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21
Q

3 types of cartilage? Composition? What are proteoglycans made of and what do they do?

A

Elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage
Water, proteoglycan, collagen and ions
PPC to which are covalently attached chains of sulphated disaccharide repeating units
High density of -ve charges allows binding of water, conferring properties of compressive stiffness and friction-free surfaces e.g. aggrecan

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22
Q

3 synovial joint lever types? Where is fulcrum, weight and resistance in 1st class levers?

A 
1st, 2nd and 3rd class levers. 
Fulcrum in middle, force is at one end and resistance is at other e.g. elbow joint and triceps muscle
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23
Q

Fulcrum, weight and resistance in 2nd class lever?

A

Fulcrum at one end, force at other end and resistance in centre e.g. mandible joint

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24
Q

Fulcrum, resistance and force in 3rd class lever?

A

Fulcrum at one end, resistance at other end and force in middle e.g. below joint and biceps muscle

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25
Q

Movements of synovial joints and examples?

A

Ball and socket e.g. hip, shoulder
Condyloid e.g. metacarpal
Gliding joint e.g. intercarpals, femur/patella, humerus/ radius
Hinge joint e.g. humerus/ ulna
Pivot joint e.g. Atlanta-axis joint
Saddle joint e.g. between trapezius and 1st metacarpals

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26
Q

What is the major component of the tendon and ligament fibres? What makes up 1-5% of the dry weight? What does this act to do?

A

Collagen- mainly type 1 (90-95% dry weight)
Proteoglycan
Regulates fibre diameter, keeps fibrils together, acts as a lubricant to aid collagen fibres gliding over each other

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27
Q

Where are collagen molecules synthesised and as what? Consists of what? 3 alpha chains combine in a what? What between alpha chains enhances strength of molecules?What occurs after secreting outside the cell?

A

In fibroblasts as procollagen
3 individual PPCs each coiled in left hand helix
A right handed triple helix
Bonding(cross-linking)
Processed to remove terminal peptides- for tropocollagen and self assembles into collagen fibrils

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28
Q

Hierarchal structure of collagen–> tendons? (fibrillogenesis) What are fascicles separated by? What is the tendon surrounded by?

A

Collagen molecules–> microfibrils–> sub fibrils–> fibrils–> fibres–> fascicles–> tendon
Endotenon
Epitenon

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29
Q

What other molecule do tendons and ligaments contain? How does collagen I content, elastin content and fibre organisation differ between ligaments and tendons?

A

Elastin- more elasticity, proportion varies by function

Ligaments= lower collagen I, higher elastin, fibre organisation more random

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30
Q

What are the major ligaments of the knee? Function of each?

A

ACL- provides rotational stability and resists anterior translation of the tibia.
PCL- resists posterior translation of the femur.
MCL- resists valgus force on the knee
LCL- resists varus force

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31
Q

6 degrees of freedom of the knee?

A

Internal/ external rotation
Varus/ valgus
Flexion/ extension

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32
Q

What is locking of the knee? What isn’t true locking?

A

An inability to fully straighten the knee due to a mechanical block, usually a piece of cartilage/ loose body.
If cannot flex/extend/ if fully flexed or fully extended.

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33
Q

Are MCL and LCL injuries common or rare? Are PCL or ACL injuries more common?

A

MCL= common, LCL= rare

PCL less common than ACL

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34
Q

What is valgus knee also known as? What is varous knee also known as?

A

‘Knee-knock’

‘Bowed knee’

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35
Q

What is not part of the wrist joint? Articulates as what instead? Prevented from articulating with carpal bones by what?

A

Ulna
Distal radioulnar joint
Articular disk

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36
Q

Four ligaments of the wrist?

A

Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal
Ulnar collateral
Radial collateral

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37
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint? What movements can it perform? Why is the scaphoid at wrist of avascular necrosis?

A

Ellipsoidal
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Its retrograde blood supply entering at its distal end- fracture to the middle may interrupt blood supply to the proximal part

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38
Q

Most common fracture of the wrist? This clinical condition produces what?

A

Colles’ fracture- radius fractures with the distal fragment being displaced posteriorly
‘Dinner fork deformity’

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39
Q

How can the lunate be dislocated anteriorly? Causing what symptoms? What can also happen?

A

By falling on a dorsiflexed wrist
Carpal tunnel symptoms
Avascular necrosis

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40
Q

Types of distal radius fracture? What is less common than distal radius fractures and how does it present?

A

Colles’= extra-articular with dorsal displacement
Smith’s= extra-articular with volar displacement
Barton’s= intra-articular with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint
Fracture of the radial shaft- ROM= typically pain-free

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41
Q

What forms the glenohumeral joint? Humerus articulates with what distally?

A

Proximal humerus–> glenoid fossa of the scapula

Head of the radius and trochlear notch of the ulna

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42
Q

Attachment site for supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor? Attachment for subscapularis? Separating the 2x tuberosities? What attaches to the lips of this?

A

Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
Inter-tubercular sulcus= pec major, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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43
Q

Neurovascular structures lying against surgical neck of humerus? Axillary nerve damage would paralyse which muscles? Difficulty doing what movement? Also innervates what area?

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery–> deltoid and teres minor paralysis
Abduction of the affected limb
Regimental badge area

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44
Q

Lateral side on humeral shaft where deltoid attaches? Shallow depression on posterior surface? What lies in this groove?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

Radial groove= radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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45
Q

Muscles attaching anteriorly to the humeral shaft? Posteriorly?

A

Coracobrachialis, deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis

Medial + lateral heads of triceps

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46
Q

What would happen to the wrist if there was a mid-shaft fracture?

A

‘Wrist drop’- wrist extensors affected, can be some sensory loss over dorsum of the hand and proximal ends of lateral 3 1/2 fingers dorsally

47
Q

What do the lateral and medial borders of the distal humerus form? What are immediately distal to the ridges? What runs in a groove on posterior of medial epicondyle?

A

Medial and lateral supraepicondylar ridges
Lateral and medal epicondyles
Ulnar nerve

48
Q

Where is trochlea located distally on humerus? Articulates where? Lateral to this is what? Articulates with what? 3 depressions on distal humerus?

A

Medially- trochlear notch of the ulna
Capitulum
Radius
Coronoid, radial and olecranon fossae

49
Q

Head of radius forms what joint? Radial tuberosity attaches what? Middle of lateral shaft surface, roughening for attaching what?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint
Biceps brachii
Pronator teres muscle

50
Q

Lateral distal radius projects as what? What in medial surface concavity called what articulating to form what?

A

Styloid process

Ulnar notch–> distal radioulnar joint

51
Q

What attaches the radius and ulna? What bone is fractured and dislocated in Monteggia fracture? Galleazi? Way of remembering?

A

Interosseous membrane
Ulna/ radius
Radius/ ulna
MU/GR–> MUGGER

52
Q

Landmarks of proximal ulna? Muscle attaching to superior olecranon surface? What attaches to tuberosity of ulna?

A 
Olecranon
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Radial notch
Tuberosity of ulna

Triceps brachii muscle
Brachialis muscle

53
Q

Anterior of ulnar shaft attaches what? Rounded head with distal projection of distal ulna?

A

Pronator quadratus muscle

Styloid process

54
Q

Articulating surfaces of the elbow joint?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

Head of radius and capitulum of humerus

55
Q

Ligament found on lateral side of elbow joint? Blends with what? What ligament originates from medial epicondyle?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament

56
Q

Muscles needed to extend elbow? Flex?

A

Triceps brachii and anconeus

Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

57
Q

Intratendinosus bursa formed where in elbow joint? Subtendinosus? Subcutaneous?

A

Within the tendon of the triceps brachii
Between the olecranon and tendon of triceps brachii- reduces friction
Between olecranon and overlying tissue

58
Q

Clavicle extends between what?

A

Sternum and acromium of scapula?

59
Q

3 main functions of the clavicle?

A

1) Attaches upper limb to trunk
2) Protects underlying NV structures supplying upper limb
3) Transmit force from upper limb–> axial skeleton

60
Q

Where does conoid ligament of clavicle attach? Trapezoid ligament? At what end of the clavicle?

A

Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
Acromial end

61
Q

Sternal end of clavicle has facet called what? Inferior surface has what depression?
Clavicular shaft acts as a point of origin for what muscles?

A

Sternoclavicular joint
For costoclavicular ligament
Deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pec major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid

62
Q

Concave depression on anterior surface of scapula? Muscle originating from this? Hook like process attachment for biceps brachii and pec minor?

A

Subscap fossa
Subscapularis
Coracoid process

63
Q

Attaches to supraglenoid tubercle? Attaches to infraglenoid tubercle?

A

Long head of bicep

Long head of triceps

64
Q

Site of supraspinatus origin? Projection on posterior surface of clavicle that arches over glenohumeral joint and articulates with clavicle?

A

Supraspinous fossa

Acromion

65
Q

Articular surfaces of AC joint lined with what? Partially divided by what?

A

Fibrocartilage

Articular disc-wedge of fibrocartilage

66
Q

3 ligaments of AC joint?

A 
Intrinsic= AC ligament- runs horizontally, covering joint capsule reinforcing superior aspect
Extrinsic= conoid and trapezoid ligaments
Conoid= from coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle
Trapezoid= from coracoid process to trapezoid line of clavicle
67
Q

Movements of AC joint? NV supply?

A

Axial rotation and anteroposterior movement
Suprascapular artery and thoraco-acromial artery
Suprascapular and lateral pectoral from brachial plexus

68
Q

Type of joint is the shoulder joint? Articulating surfaces? Fossa deepened by what fibrocartilage rim? Why is the joint instable and has a wide range of movement?

A

Ball and socket between scapula and the humerus
Head of the humerus–> glenoid fossa of the scapula
Both surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage
Glenoid labarum
Humeral head= much larger than glenoid fossa

69
Q

2 important bursae in the shoulder joint?

A

1) Subacromial= deep to deltoid and acromion, superficial to supraspinatus tendon
2) Subscapular= between subscap tendon and scapula

70
Q

5 ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A

1) Glenohumeral ligament= glenoid fossa–> humerus- stabilises anterior aspect
2) Coracohumeral ligament= base of coracoid process–> greater tubercle of humerus- supports superior joint capsule
3) Transverse humeral ligament= between 2 tubercles of humerus- holds tendon of long head of biceps
4) Coraco-clavicular ligament= clavicle–> coracoid process- can be injured in ACJ injuries
5) Coracoacromial ligament= between acromion and process of scapula–> coraco-acromial arch= prevents superior displacement

71
Q

Muscles needed for extension(behind) of shoulder joint? Flexion(in front)?

A

Posterior deltoid, lat dorsi and teres major

Biceps brachii, pec major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis

72
Q

Muscles needed for abduction of the shoulder? Adduction?

A

1st 15 degrees= supraspinatus, 15-90= middle fibres of deltoid, >90 degrees= trapezius + serratus anterior to rotate scapula
Pec major, lat dorsi and teres major

73
Q

Muscles needed for internal rotation of the shoulder? External rotation? Circumduction?

A

Subscapularis, pec major, lat dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid
Intraspinatus and teres minor
Combination of movements

74
Q

Arteries supplying shoulder joint? Nerves?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves

75
Q

Where do extrinsic muscles of the shoulder originate and attach to? Intrinsic muscles?

A

From torso–> shoulder bones

From scapula and/ or clavicle–> humerus

76
Q

6 intrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Deltoid, teres major and four rotator cuff muscles(supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor)

77
Q

Origin of supraspinatus? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Medial 2/3 supraspinous fossa
Capsule of joint + greater tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular nerve
ABDuction

78
Q

Origin of infraspinatus? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Medial 2/3 infraspinous fossa
Greater tubercle of humerus
Suprascapular nerve
Lateral rotation

79
Q

Origin of teres minor? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Lateral border of scapula
Capsule of joint + greater tubercle of the humerus
Axillary nerve
Lateral rotation

80
Q

Origin of subscapularis? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Subscapular fossa
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Medial rotation

81
Q

Origin of deltoid? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A 
Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Axillary nerve
Anterior fibres= flex arm
Middle= major ABDuctor beyond 15 degrees
Posterior= extends arm
82
Q

Origin of teres major? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Posterior surface of inferior surface of scapula
Intertubecular/ bicipital groove of humerus
Lower subscapular nerve
ADDucts at shoulder + medially rotates arm

83
Q

Origin of trapezius? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

Skull, nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T12
Clavicle, acromion + scapula
Accessory nerve + CNXI(spinal part)
Elevates scapula and rotates scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal
Middle fibres= retract scapula, lower= depress scapula

84
Q

Origin of latissimus dorsi? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

T6-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior 3 ribs
Bicipital groove
Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8
Extends, adducts and medially rotates upper limb

85
Q

Origin of levator scapuli superioris? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

C1-C4 transverse processes
Medial border of scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
Elevates the scapula

86
Q

Origin of rhomboid major? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

T2-T5 vertebrae
Posterior surface of medial scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
Elevates and retracts the scapula

87
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor? Insertion? Nerve supply? Action?

A

C7-T1
Posterior surface of medial scapula
Dorsal scapular nerve
Elevates and retracts the scapula

88
Q

Type of joint knee joint? Articulations? Articulation surfaces?

A

Bicondylar
Patella, femur + tibia
Tibiofemoral: between medial + lateral condyles of femur + tibia (weightbearing)
Patellofemoral: anterior + distal part of femur–> patella- allows quad femoris tendon to insert over knee

89
Q

Neurovascular supply to knee joint? Proximal end of tibia is covered by 2 what? What are they? Function of them?

A

The genicular anastomoses- from genicular branches of the femoral and popliteal arteries
Femoral, tibial + common fibular nerves
Menisci
C-shaped fibrocartilage structures
Deepen articular surface of tibia–> increased stability + shock absorbers

90
Q

Menisci attached to what? Medial meniscus also attached where? Which is smaller? 4 bursae of the knee?

A

The intercondylar area of the tibia
Tibial collateral ligament + joint capsule
Lateral meniscus
Suprapatellar, prepatellar,, infrapatellar, semimembranosus

91
Q

Where is the suprapatellar bursa found? Prepatellar? Infrapatellar? Semimembranosus?

A

Between quadriceps femoris + femur
Between apex of patella and skin
Deep= between tibia + patella ligament, superficial= between patellar ligament + skin
Posteriorly between semimembranosus muscle + medial head of gastrocnemius

92
Q

5 ligaments of the knee? Attachments?

A

Patellar: quad femoris tendon–> tibial tuberosity
Medial collateral: medial epicondyle of femur + medial tibia
Lateral collateral: lateral epicondyle of femur, lateral surface of fibular head
Anterior cruciate: at anterior intercondylar region of the tibia–> in intercondylar fossa of femur
Posterior cruciate: at posterior intercondylar region of tibia–> intercondylar fossa of femur

93
Q

Muscles producing extension of knee? Flexion? Lateral rotation? Medial rotation?

A

Quadriceps femoris–> tibial tuberosity
Hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius and popliteus
Biceps femoris
5 muscles: semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius + popliteus

94
Q

Ankle joint between what bones? Articulating surfaces? What bone fits into the mortise?

A

Hinge joint between tibia, fibula + talus
Tibia + fibula by tibiofibular ligaments–> socket= mortise
Talus bone

95
Q

Ligaments of the ankle? Resists what motions?

A

1) Medial ligament- x4 ligaments from malleolus–> talus, calcaneus + navicular bones
Over-eversion
2) Lateral ligament- from lateral malleolus
a) Anterior talofibular–> lateral talus
b) Posterior talofibular–> posterior talus
c) Calcaneofibular–> calcaneus
Over-inversion

96
Q

Plantarflexion of the knee caused by what muscles? Dorsiflexion?

A

Posterior leg: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris + posterior tibialis
Anterior leg: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus + extensor digitorum longus

97
Q

NV supply of ankle joint?

A

Malleolar branches of anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular arteries

98
Q

Type of joint hip joint articulates with? What is the cavity of the acetabulum deepened by? Both covered by what?

A 
Ball + socket= acetabulum--> head of femur
Acetabular labrum( fibrocartilaginous collar)
Articular cartilage
99
Q

Acetabulum made of what 3 bones?

A

Ilium, ischium + pubis bones

100
Q

Greater trochanter attaches what muscles? Lesser trochanter? What connects these anteriorly? Posteriorly?

A

Abductor and lateral rotator muscles
Psoas major and iliacus
Intertrochanteric line= ilio-femoral ligament
Intertrochanteric crest- attaches quadratis femoris

101
Q

Roughened ridges on posterior shaft of femur? Splits distally and also proximally into what? Medial supracondylar line ends in what where what attaches?

A

Linea aspera
Medial + lateral supracondylar lines + floor of the popliteal fossa
Medial border–> pectineal line, lateral border–> gluteal tuberosity where gluteus maximus attaches
Adductor tubercle= adductor magnus

102
Q

Rounded ends of femur? What is depression between these? What is on the medial wall of the intercondylar fossa? Lateral wall?

A

Medial + lateral epicondyles
Intercondylar fossa
Facet for attaching PCL
Facet for ACL

103
Q

Where is patella located? Attached superiorly and inferiorly to what? What type bone?

A

Within patellofemoral groove
Quad tendon and patellar ligament
Sesamoid type due to position within quad tendon

104
Q

What is apex inferiorly connected to by? What attaches the quad tendon superiorly? 2 facets on posterior surface?

A

Tibial tuberosity by patellar ligament
The base
Medial–> medial condyle of femur
Lateral–> lateral condyle of femur

105
Q

2 functions of patella?

A

Leg extension

Protection of anterior knee from trauma

106
Q

Proximal tibia widened by what? Form what flat surface? Region located between condyles? Projects upwards on either side as what? Attach what?

A

Medial + lateral condyles–> tibial plateau
Intercondylar eminence
Medial + lateral intercondylar tubercles
Knee ligaments + menisci

107
Q

How many borders/ surfaces to tibial shaft? What shape? Proximal anterior border called what? Attaches what? Posterior surface marked by what? Site of origin for part of what? Lateral border attaches what?

A 
Prism-shaped
3: anterior, posterior + lateral
Tibial tuberosity= patellar ligament
Soleal line- soleus muscle
Interosseous membrane
108
Q

On posterior tibia, groove where what passes through? Laterally is what where what is bound?

A

Tendon of tibialis posterior

Fibular notch= fibula–> tibia

109
Q

Main function of fibula? 3 main articulations?

A

Muscle attachment- not a weight-bearer

1) Proximal tibiofibular joint–> lateral condyle of tibia
2) Distal tibiofibular–> fibular notch of tibia
3) Ankle joint= talus bone

110
Q

Proximal fibula contains facet for articulation with what? What nerve runs on posterior and lateral surface of fibular neck? 3 surfaces of shaft?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia
Common fibular nerve
Anterior, lateral and posterior

111
Q

Intracapsular ligaments of the hip? Extracapsular? Prevents what movements?

A

Ligament of head of femur= acetabular fossa–> fovea of femur

1) Iliofemoral: anteriorly ilium–> intertrochanteric line- hyperextension
2) Pubofemoral: anteriorly + inferiorly= pelvis–> iliopubic eminence + obturator membrane- abduction + extension
3) Ischiofemoral: posteriorly= ischium–> greater trochanter- excessive extension

112
Q

NV supply of the hip? Major supplier? Damage can lead to what?

A

Medial + lateral circumflex femoral arteries= anastomose at base of femoral neck–> a ring
Medial artery–> avascular necrosis of the HOF
Sciatic, femoral and obturator nerves

113
Q

Muscles needed to flex the hip? Extend? Abduct? Adduct? Laterally rotate? Medially rotate?

A

Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius and pectineus
GMax, semimem, semitend, biceps femoris(hammies)
GMed, GMini, piriformis and tensor fascia latae
Adductors longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracilis
BF, Gmax, piriformis, obturators, gemilli + QF
Anterior GMed and mini fibres, tensor fascia latae

Phase 1 Flashcards (35 decks)

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