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Year 1 MCD > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Coupled reactions

A

Several reactions take place because they are coupled to a energetically favorable one (on its own not favorable)

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2
Q

Induces fit model

A

Enzymes change conformation when substrate bonds to it

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3
Q

Co-factor/Coenzyme

A

Molecule that catalyze reaction, makes protein reaction possible but would be useless without protein (e.g. NADH+)

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4
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Production of ATP by direct transfer of Phosphate from the Substrate to ADP

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5
Q

Prosthetic group

A

Coenzymes that bind permanently to enzyme

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6
Q

Oxidationsmittel

A

oxidised substrate oxidant

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7
Q

Reduktionsmittel

A

reduced substrate

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8
Q

NADH dehydrogenase complex

A
  1. Enzyme in electron transport chain Oxideses NADH to NAD+ and pumps H+ to Intermembrane space
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9
Q

Ubiquinone

A

Elektron transporter which brings Electrons from NADH dehydrogenase complex to Cytochrome b-c1 complex

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10
Q

Cytochrome b-c1 complex

A
  1. Enzyme in electron transport chain accepts electrons from ubiquinone, pumps H+ to intermembrane space
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11
Q

Cytrochome oxidase complex

A
  1. Enzyme in electron transport chain accepts Electrons from Cytrochrome C Pumps H+ in intermembrane space, reduces Oxygen with H+ and e- to Water
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12
Q

Cytochrome C

A

Elektrone transporter which transport Electrons from Cytochrome b-c1 complex to Cytochrome oxidase complex

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13
Q

ATP Synthase

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjdPTY1wHdQ Enzyme which generates ATP from ADP and Pi Energy is taken from Proton electrochemical energy to be transferred to mechanical Energy which ist used for ATP generation

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14
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

A

Function of ATP Synthase other way around –> using ATP to pump Protons from Matrix to intermembrane space

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15
Q

Carnetine Acyltransferase 1 (2)

A

Transferes Acyl from AcylCoA on to Carnitine in Carnitine Shuttle (or other way around)

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16
Q

ß-oxydation cycle

A

Transformation of Acyl-CoA to Acetyl-CoA by oxidation, hydration, oxidation, and decarboxylation (–> 2C with CoA forming Acetyl-CoA)

17
Q

Endocytosis

A

Import of things in celll (occur in vesicles)

18
Q

Exocytosis

A

Export out of cell (occur in vesicles)

19
Q

Gated transport

A

binding to membraneproteins, activating gates and pores –> Signal Sequence on protein binds to AA-chain, get recognized by receptors–> opens gate –> Signal sequence spited and gets recycled

20
Q

Transport across membranes

A

Signalsequence expressed in Translation by ribosomes in Cytoplasm gets recognized –< transference to Ribosomes bound to ER (ggf. post translational modification in ER)

21
Q

Constutive secretion

A

Vesicles transportes continously from Golgi to Plasmic-membrane

22
Q

Regulated secretion

A

Storage of Vesicles in Cytoplasm, controlled release

23
Q

Steps in Vesicular transport

A
  1. Selection and Sorting of dispatched product (=Cargo), Vesicle formation –> coated in characteristic proteins (release of proteins after complete formation of vesicle)
  2. Vesicle movement (along Microtubuli and Argin)
  3. Vesicle Docking (receptors on membrane to other membrane)
  4. Membrane fusion and release of content
24
Q

Cargo

A

Partiales transported by Vesicles

25
Q

Receptorradiated Endocytosis

A

Particles bind to receptor, receptor coated in proteins, formation fo coated vesicle, uncoating

26
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Membrane traffic of large particles

27
Q

Which co-factors are involved in oxidative decarboxylation?

A
  1. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
  2. Lipoamide
  3. FAD
  4. CoA
  5. NAD+
28
Q

Which enzymes are involved in oxidative decarboxylation?

A

Enzymes forming pyruvate dehydrogenase complex:

  1. Lipoamide reductase-transacetylase
  2. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
  3. Pyruvate decarboxylase
29
Q

Beri-Beri syndrome

A

Deficiency in vitamin B1 which interferes with prosthetic group of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (TPP)

–> carbohydrate metabolism impaired

Causes

  • damage to PNS
  • decreased muscle strength and CO
30
Q

Which enzymes and prosthetic group belong together in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A
31
Q

Steps of oxidative decarboxylation

A
  1. Decarboxylation of pyruvate by binding to TPP in E1 complex
  2. Oxidation and transfer to lipoamide in E2
  3. Transfer of Acetyl group (bound to E2) to CoA –> formation of Acetyl CoA
  4. Regeneration of oxidized lipoamide in E2 by oxidising FAD to FADH in E3
  5. Regeneration of oxidised E3 by NAD forming NADH
32
Q

Lyzozyme (function, optinmal pH)

A

In tears: to kill bacteria

Optimal pH at around 5: anything higher Glutamate and Aspartate would be hydrolysed and non-functional

33
Q
A

Year 1 MCD (10 decks)

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