Unit 1 - Principles of Microanatomy Flashcards
what is microanatomy?
aka histology
study of microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function
what are the four tissue types?
- epithelial
- nerve
- muscle
- connective
what are the two types of layers in epithelial tissue?
- simple
- stratified (multiple layers- protection)
what are three main types of shapes of epithelial cells? and what processes are they involved in?
- squamous: diffusion
- cuboidal: secretion/ absorption
- columnar: absorption/ secretion of mucus
what are the other two rare types of epithelial cells?
- transitional: stretch readily to accomodate fluctuations of volume
- pseudostratified - only found in trachea
describe the polarity of epithelia tissue
polar due to discrete regions
- top: apical
- side: lateral
- base: basal
where do epithelial cell lie?
lie on basement membrane - matrix of connective fibres consisting of basal lamina and lamina propria
give other properties of epithelial cells
- avascular but innervated
- regenerative (desquamation)
- high cellularity - tightly packed
what are the two types of neural tissue?
- neurons: info processing
- neuroglia: neuron support, regulatory & protection
what are the layers of a nerve?
- epineurium
- perineurium - sheath covers fascicles
- endoneurium`
what is a fascicle?
small bundle of nerve fibres covered by the perineurium
what type of connective tissue is the epineurium made from?
dense, irregular connective tissue
what are the three types of muscle?
- smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal
what are the two general types of connective tissue?
- proper
- special
what are the three types of proper connective tissue?
- loose/areolar - often found in skin
- dense regular - parallel arrangement -unidirectional pull -found in tendons
- dense irregular - arrangement allow resistance of stretch from all directions
