Digestive System - Foregut

Question 1

Where does the digestive system path from to

Answer 1

Between the oral cavity to the anal opening

Question 2

What happens when food enters the mouth

Answer 2

Teeth physically break up food and tongue helps to form a bolus that is funnelled towards the oesophagus by the pharynx

Question 3

Describe where the oesophagus runs from and where it ends up

Answer 3

Inferior constrictor of the pharynx (C6), through the thoracic inlet and into the posterior mediastinum of the thorax

Question 4

Roughly where does the oesophagus enter the stomach

Answer 4

After passing through the oesophageal opening of the diaphragm at T10

Question 5

Describe what 6 organs make up the foregut

Answer 5

Distal oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, proximal duodenum, pancreas

Question 6

How many branches branch off the coeliac axis

Answer 6

3, immediately after branching from the abdominal aorta

Question 7

What side of the stomach is the greater curvature located

Answer 7

Left

Question 8

What are the 3 main regions of the stomach

Answer 8

Fundus, body, pyloric canal

Question 9

What are the rough interior parts of the stomach

Answer 9

Rugae

Question 10

Describe the main functions of the stomach

Answer 10

Churns food with digestive acid to create chyme which is passed into the duodenum via the pyloric valve

Question 11

What are the 3 muscle coats/fibres for movement in the stomach

Answer 11

Outer = longitudinal; middle = circular; inner = oblique

Question 12

Where does the greater omentum extend from

Answer 12

Greater curvature of the stomach, passing in front of the small intestines

Question 13

Where does the lesser omentum hang from

Answer 13

Liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 14

What are the 2 sections of the liver

Answer 14

Right and left lobes

Question 15

What ligament attaches the liver to the anterior body wall

Answer 15

Falciform ligament

Question 16

What is the entrance to the liver called

Answer 16

Porta hepatis

Question 17

What does the liver produce and where is this substance stored

Answer 17

Bile and stored in the gall bladder

Question 18

What are the ducts that release bile into the duodenum

Answer 18

Cystic and bile

Question 19

What ribs protect the spleen

Answer 19

9, 10 and 11

Question 20

What is the main function of the spleen

Answer 20

Breaks down old red blood cells and forms immune cells (T and B)

Question 21

What is the duodenum

Answer 21

A C- shaped tube passing between the pyloric valve of the stomach and the jejunum

Question 22

Describe the 1st part of the duodenum

Answer 22

Duodenal cap attached to the pyloric cap

Question 23

Describe the 2nd part of the duodenum

Answer 23

Loop around head of the pancreas; entrance of the bile duct and pancreatic duct (duodenal papilla)

Question 24

Describe the 3rd part of the duodenum

Answer 24

Transverse crossed by superior mesenteric vessels

Question 25

Describe the 4th part of the duodenum

Answer 25

Ascending region joining the jejunum

Question 26

What does the pancreas secrete

Answer 26

Insulin and digestive enzymes

Question 27

What are the 4 regions of the pancreas (start with most inferior)

Answer 27

Head, neck, body, tail

Question 28

How are digestive enzymes transported from the pancreas to the duodenum

Answer 28

The pancreatic duct empties into the duodenal papilla